Question

Modern man has cleared the forests for farmland and for wood, and has also carelessly burned them. More than that, though, he has also interfered （干涉） with the invisible bonds between the living things in the forests. There are many examples of this kind of destruction. The harmfulness of man’s interference can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau （凯亚巴布高原） of northern Arizona. Man tried to improve on the natural web of forest life and destroyed it instead.
The Kaibab had a storybook forest of large sized pine, Douglas fir, white fir, blue and Engelmann spruce. In 1882 a visitor noted, "We, who ... have wandered through its forests and parks, have come to regard it as the most enchanting region it has ever been our privilege （特权） to visit.” This was also the living place of the Rocky Mountain mule deer. Indians hunted there every autumn to gather meat and skins. The forest also had mountain lions, timber wolves and bobcats that kept the deer from multiplying too rapidly.
Then, in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. Deer hunting was forbidden. Government hunters started killing off the deer’s enemies. In 25 years’ time, 6,250 mountain lions, wolves and bobcats were killed. Before the program, there were about 4,000 deer in the Kaibab, by 1924, there were about 100,000.
The deer ate every leaf and twig they could reach. But there was not nearly enough food. Hunting of deer was permitted again. This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd （鹿群），but a far greater loss resulted from starvation （饥饿） and disease. Some 60 percent of the deer herd died in two winters. By 1930 the herd had dropped to 20,000 animals. By 1942 it was down to 8,000.
【小题1】 The destruction of the environment of the Kaibab resulted from    

A．interfering with natural cycle of forest life

B．turning the forest into cultivated land

C．forest fires caused by man’s carelessness

D．cutting the trees for building materials

【小题2】 "Engelmann spruce"（Para. 2） is most likely the name of .

A．an animal

B．a tree

C．a mountain

D．a game

【小题3】 The number of the deer in the Kaibab had increased enormously in    years’ time.

A．25

B．6

C．12

D．18

【小题4】 Years later, large numbers of deer in the Kaibab died mainly because of .

A．the cold	B．the organized kill
C．the poor management	D．the shortage of food

Answer 1

【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】D

解析试题分析：本文叙述了人们采取了退林还耕及失火，引起了森林的自然平衡失调。于是国家为了保护森林成立了Kaibab的保护区，鹿被禁猎，但是鹿的敌人却被大量捕杀，这就引起鹿的食物短缺，又引起大量的鹿的死亡。
【小题1】这是细节理解题。根据More than that, though, he has also interfered （干涉） with the invisible bonds between the living things in the forests. There are many examples of this kind of destruction. The harmfulness of man’s interference can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau （凯亚巴布高原） of northern Arizona. Then, in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. Deer hunting was forbidden.由于干涉森林的自然平衡，故选A。
【小题2】这是词义猜测题。因为and 前例举的都是树木，故选B。
【小题3】这是细节理解题。根据in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. 和Before the program, there were about 4,000 deer in the Kaibab, by 1924, there were about 100,000.故选D。
【小题4】这是细节理解题。根据This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd （鹿群），but a far greater loss resulted from starvation （饥饿） and disease.故选 D。
考点：科普环保类短文阅读。
点评：我们应当充分利用上下文猜测词义，即利用上下文中我们已经熟悉或明了的单词或短语，立足上下文语义，进行逻辑上的推理。通常我们可以通过分析构词法、语法以及同位关系、对比关系、因果关系等来推测，有时还需要借助平时所积累的常识和经验来判断。