题目内容
12．Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot"greener"toward the environment．"We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，"says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA．But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement．Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement．"The understanding has increased many，many times，"says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day．
According to US government reports，emissions （排放） from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3million tons a year to 5.5tons．The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40to 9．Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place．A kind of"Green thinking"has become part of practices．
Great improvement has been achieved．In 1988there were only 600recycling programs，today in 1995there are about 6，600．Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution．
Twenty-five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment．Today，it's hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program．"Until we do that，nothing else will change!"say Bruce Anderson．
41．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea aboutC
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problems
D．the importance of Earth Day
42． Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come fromD？
A．University professors
B．The business circle
C．Government officials
D．The grass-roots level
43．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection？A
A．They have reduced pollution through effective measures．
B．They have settled their environmental problems
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities．
D．They have cut car emissions to the lowest
44．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph？B
A．Planning B．Education
C．Green living D．CO reduction．
分析 本文属于记叙文题材．在文章中作者介绍了自从1970年第一个地球日成立以来，美国的环境问题有了很大的改善．以前在公共事物中无足轻重的环境问题现在成了一项社会关注的问题，从科学家到大学教授到贫民百姓都有了环保意识．此外作者还指出教育在这种变化方面也起着非常重要的作用．
解答 41---44 CDAB
41．答案C．考查细节理解．根据文章首段Anderson说的话"We didn't know at that time there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，可知当时人们不知道环境这个概念，更别说环境问题了，由此可知答案选C．
42．答案D．考查细节理解．根据文章第二段．Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass-roots可知商人，政界领导，大学教授，尤其是平民百姓们都参与到了保护环境的运动中来，由此判断保护环境的支持主要来自草根阶层，故答案选D．
43．答案A．考查细节理解．根据文章倒数第二段内容In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs …and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution．可知回收工作的改进，先进产品和住房设计的研制开发等措施都有效地减少了污染，改善了环境，故答案选A．
44．答案B．考查主旨要义．四个选项内容对于保护环境都是重要的，但是作者在文章末段提到目前几乎每所学校都有关于环境保护的课程，而且通过最后Bruce Anderson说的话"Until we do that，nothing else will change!"可知教育在改变人们保护环境意识，改善环境问题方面至关重要，故答案选B．
点评 做好语义转换题．这类题是根据英语中一词多义和某些词语在文中能表达一定的修辞意义的原则而设计的．要求同学们解释某生词的含义，确定多义词或短语在文中的意思，确认文中的某个代词所指代的对象，或者对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语进行解释．这种题要求同学们一定要根据上下文猜测词义或理解句子，切不可望文生义．做好简单推理判断题．简单推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断．这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论．
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7．One reason Americans eat so many calories is that we tend to eat large portions（分量）．Studies find that hamburgers and fries are generally offered in serving sizes two to five times larger than the appropriate meal size．Researchers find we usually clean our plates no matter how high they're piled，even if we already feel satisfied．See the suggestions below to further master the fine art of sizing up（估量） your snacks and suppers．
Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years．Fortunately，portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat．
Pre-picture portions．Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon．For example，a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist．A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange．
Use a smaller dish．This tip might sound ridiculous，but it works．First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on，say，a salad plate．But psychologically，you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds．
Have raw vegetables at every meal．Raw cucumbers，tomatoes，carrots，and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients．A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up，cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat．
Start your meal with soup．Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption，since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients．
Manage your fork．After every bite of food，put your fork down．Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite．The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less．Remember：Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry．
Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years．Fortunately，portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat．
Pre-picture portions．Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon．For example，a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist．A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange．
Use a smaller dish．This tip might sound ridiculous，but it works．First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on，say，a salad plate．But psychologically，you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds．
Have raw vegetables at every meal．Raw cucumbers，tomatoes，carrots，and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients．A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up，cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat．
Start your meal with soup．Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption，since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients．
Manage your fork．After every bite of food，put your fork down．Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite．The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less．Remember：Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry．
| Helpful hints on how to get a handle on the how-much factor | |
| Facts | Hamburgers and fries served in restaurants are generally two to five times thesizeof the proper ones． Americans usually clean their plateshoweverhigh they're piled，even if they are already satisfied |
| Effects | Americans continue getting fatter even as they have eatenfewercalories from fat in recent years． |
| suggestions | a．Usefamiliarobjects to imagine how much you should eat of a food before a meal． b．Use a smaller dish and thus eatslowly c．Have raw vegetables at every meal to cut downappetitefor the more calorie-dense meat． d．Start your meal withsoupto reduce meal consumption． e．Put down your fork attimes/intervalsto make sure your brain receivessignalsthat you're full． |