Question

7．El Nino，a Spanish term for"the Christ child"，was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas．El Nino sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round．
The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places．Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino，on balance，than they lose．A study found that a strong Nino in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain．The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones．
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames．A multi-year drought （干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse．Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters．
The most recent powerful Nino，in 1997-98，killed around 21，000 people and caused damage worth  36．But such Ninos come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare．According to the Overseas Development Institute （ODI），however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards．This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction．
Simple improvements to infrastructure （基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease．Better sewers （下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach．Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods．According to a paper in 2011by Mr Hsiang and co-authors，civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects-and the poorer the country，the stronger the link．Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people．Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing ther losses needs to bethe priority．
61．What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1？A
A．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean．
B．It takes place almost every year all over the world．
C．It is named after a South American fisherman．
D．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas．
62．What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected？D
A．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically．
BAgricultural harvests in rich coutries fall．
C．Droughts become more harmful than floods．
D．Rich countries'gains are greater than their losses．
63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4suggest thatB
A．governments of poor countries need more aid
B．more investment should go to risk reduction
C．victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D．recovery and reconstruction should come first
64．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？B
A．To introduce El Nino and its origin．
B．To urge people to prepare for El Nino．
C．To show ways of fighting against El Nino．
D．To explain the consequences of El Nino．

Answer 1

分析 文章介绍了El Nifio现象的由来，以及给一些国家带来的影响，最后提出要将资金花在预防而不是重建上．

解答 ADBB
61．A 细节理解题．根据第一段最后一句El Nifio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round．可知El Nifio见证了西太平洋的海水向东倒流，当正常向西吹的风减弱时，故A正确． 
62．D 细节理解题．根据第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio，on balance，than they lose．可知富裕的国家从El Nifio现象里总的来说收获比损失更多，故D项正确．
63．B 推理题．根据第四段第三句话According to the Overseas Development Institute （ODI），however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards可知，政府鼓励更多的投资应该投向风险的预防上，而不是灾后的重建上，故选B．
64．B目的意图题．根据最后一句"Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing their losses needs to be the priority．"各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置．也就是说我们要事先做好准备．故B项正确．

点评 本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题．推理判断题，主旨大意题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测．