7.El Nino,a Spanish term for"the Christ child",was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nino sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects,both good and bad,are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino,on balance,than they lose.A study found that a strong Nino in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion,partly because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought (干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Nino,in 1997-98,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth  36.But such Ninos come with months of warning,and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI),however,just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects-and the poorer the country,the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino,reducing ther losses needs to bethe priority.
61.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A
A.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C.It is named after a South American fisherman.
D.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
62.What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?D
A.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
BAgricultural harvests in rich coutries fall.
C.Droughts become more harmful than floods.
D.Rich countries'gains are greater than their losses.
63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4suggest thatB
A.governments of poor countries need more aid
B.more investment should go to risk reduction
C.victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D.recovery and reconstruction should come first
64.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?B
A.To introduce El Nino and its origin.
B.To urge people to prepare for El Nino.
C.To show ways of fighting against El Nino.
D.To explain the consequences of El Nino.
5.These are words that attempt to express the unique trip of a lifetime.Experience the Grand Canyon as eagles do soaring,turning,rising,descending.Don't miss this experience.The following helps you book your helicopter tour.
Helicopter Aerial Tour
Explore the Grand Canyon from the eyes of the eagle.A wonderful 12-15-munite helicopter tour will soar through the canyon for an aerial experience of wonderful views. Our GCW aerial tour is not available anywhere else in the world!Ticket  120 per person plus 10% tax.Please call us at 1-888-868-9378 for seasonal rates,specials or to book by phone.
Helicopter-Pontoon Tour
 Helicopter tour starts at Grand Canyon,West Rim.Take a 4000-foot descent to the Colorado River below.Helicopters descend 4000 feet from the canyon rim to the banks of the Colorado River where visitors can enjoy a 15-20-munite pontoon boat ride down the Colorado.Ticket:150 per person plus 10% tax.
Champagne Helicopter Tour
Experience the beauty of the Grand Canyon:Soar above the Hoover Dam and the dead volcanoes.You go aboard a million-dollar helicopter with all forward facing seats allowing 180degrees of views in air-conditioned comfort.You will see the Hoover Dam,the Colorado River,the Grand Canyon and more!You land to have a romantic champagne picnic lunch at the Grand Canyon.
Las Vegas Adventure Tour
Helicopter tour to Grand Canyon West include a wonderful Las Vegas Adventure Tour.Aerial sightseeing tours originating in Las Vegas,Nevada include breathtaking views of Lake Mead,the Mohave Desert,and the west rim of the Grand Canyon.Aerial tours including round trip as well as combination tours attract many visitors.
Visitors arriving at the Hualapai Nation's Grand CanyonWestAirport may select one from activities above.

1.How much should be paid if a couple wants to take a 13-minute helicopter tour?B.
A.132dollars
B.264dollars
C.300dollars
D.120dollars
2.If the helicopter lands on the banks of the Colorado River you willC.
A.visit the Hoover Dam
B.have a romantic picnic lunch
C.enjoy a pontoon boat ride
D.catch sight of Lake Mead
3.Which tour may be the most comfortable?C.
A.Helicopter Aerial Tour
B.Las Vegas Adventure Tour
C.Champagne Helicopter Tour
D.Helicopter-Pontoon Tour.

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