题目内容

17.By the mid-19th century most of Europe was in the first stage of the demographic(人口的) transition.Death rate had decreased,as wars,famines(饥荒) and diseases had; local food shortages were rarer,thanks to better economic organization and transport; public health,medical care and the control of infectious diseases had improved.The population increased rapidly,as Malthus had predicted.Between 1800and 1900Europe's population doubled,to over 400million,whereas that of Asia,further behind in the demographic transition,increased by less than 50%,to about 950million.
But something else was happening there that would have taken Malthus by surprise:as people came to expect to live longer,and better,they started to have fewer children.They realised they no longer needed several babies just to ensure that two or three would survive.And as they moved from country to town,they also found that children were no longer an economic property that could be set to work at an early age,but a responsibility to be fed,housed and (some of them) educated,for years.Worse,with too many children,a mother would find it hard to take and keep a job,to add to the family income.Nor were the young any longer a guarantee against a poor old age:in the new industrial society,they were likelier to go their own way.
Thanks to Europe's newborn limitation,in the past 100years or so its population has risen only 80%,to 730million,and most countries'birth rate is now so low that numbers are unchanging or falling.But their composition is very different from the past:better living standards,health condition and medical treatment are multiplying old heads,even as the number of young ones shrinks.
In contrast,Asia's population over the same time has nearly increased four times,to more than 3.6billion.North America's too has grown almost as fast,but largely thanks to immigration.Africa's has multiplied 5times,and Latin America's nearly sevenfold.
Why these differences?From around 1950,death rate in developing countries also began to fall,and much faster than it ever had in Europe.The knowledge about how to avoid premature death of small children travelled so readily that life expectancy in many poor countries is now not far behind the rich world's.But the attitudes and values that persuade people to have fewer children are taking longer to adjust.
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78.What prediction did Malthus make?That the population would increase rapidly.
79.Give one reason to explain why people started to have fewer children according to paragraph 2.They no longer needed several babies to ensure their survival./Children were no longer an economic property for working./Children were a responsibility to be fed,housed and educated./Having too many children made a mother hard to work./The young were no longer a guarantee against the old./…
80.Besides medical treatment,better living standards and health condition are the other two factors that contribute to the increasing number of old people.
81.Why has the population in developing countries increased faster than it has in Europe in the last century?Because the death rate in developing countries falls much faster..

分析 本文是一篇说明文.19世纪中叶欧洲进入了人口转变的第一阶段.死亡率下降、战争、饥荒、疾病以及食物短缺减少,经济发展、交通、公共医疗和传染病的控制有了提高和改善,人口快速增长.随之人们期望活得更长寿、生活质量更好,他们开始少生孩子,人们的"孩子很小就去做工养家糊口"和"养儿防老"等观念也随着变化.由于欧洲对新生人口的限制,人口总数并未多增长,但人口结构已有不同,良好的生活条件和医疗服务使得人口老年化,与欧洲人口变化相比较,亚洲人口增长了4倍,非洲人口增长了5倍,拉丁美洲增长了7倍,北美人口增长较快.

解答 78.That the population would increase rapidly.
79.They no longer needed several babies to ensure their survival./Children were no longer an economic property for working./Children were a responsibility to be fed,housed and educated./Having too many children made a mother hard to work./The young were no longer a guarantee against the old./…
80.better living standards and health condition
81.Because the death rate in developing countries falls much faster.

78.That the population would increase rapidly.细节理解题. 根据第一段中的"The population increased rapidly,as Malthus had predicted"可知,正如‘Malthus'预测的,欧洲人口增长速度很快,故填That the population would increase rapidly.
79.They no longer needed several babies to ensure their survival./Children were no longer an economic property for working./Children were a responsibility to be fed,housed and educated./Having too many children made a mother hard to work./The young were no longer a guarantee against the old./…推理判断题.   根据第二段中的"as people came to expect to live longer,and better,they started to have fewer children","they also found that children were no longer an economic property","a mother would find it hard to take and keep a job"或"Nor were the youngany longer a guarantee against a poor old age"可知答案.
80.better living standards and health condition         细节理解题.  根据第三段中的"better living standards,health condition and medical treatment are multiplying old heads,even as the number of young ones shrinks"可知,良好的生活条件.健康状况使得人口越发老年化,故填better living standards and health condition.
81.Because the death rate in developing countries falls much faster.      细节理解题.根据最后一段中的"From around 1950,death rate in developing countries also began to fall,and much faster than it ever had in Europe"可知,发展中国家的死亡率开始下降,致使人口增长比欧洲要快,故填Because the death rate in developing countries falls much faster.

点评 解答此类阅读简答题可以先题后文,有的放矢,带着问题去看文章,快速阅读,找出信息,然后研究信息,根据问题对信息加工处理正确作答,最后检查表达方法是否得当、单词拼写是否正确等,确保无误.

练习册系列答案
相关题目
12.A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany.In his dream he was walking in the forest when two men ran out and tried to throw him to the ground.He ran off as fast as he could,but they followed him.He reached a place where he saw two roads in front of him,one to the right and the other to the left.Which road should he take?He heard the two men behind him,getting nearer,and at the same time he heard a voice in his ear.It told him to go to the right,and he did so.He ran on and soon came to a small hotel.He was received there kindly and given a room,and he was saved from the two men.That was the dream.
Twenty years later he was really in the Black Forest and,as happened in the dream long ago,two men ran out and tried to throw him down.He ran off,and came to a place with two roads,like in the dream.He remembered the dream and took the road to the right.He soon reached a small hotel,was taken in,and so was safe.His dream of twenty years before had saved his life.

21.The Black Forest isA.
A.a place in Germany        B.not a real place
C.invented by the writer    D.a place in Britain
22.When he was walking in the forest,C ran after him.
A.two dogs    B.two tigers    C.two men    D.two women
23.Finally he came toD.
A.a forest     B.another road   C.another dream   D.a small hotel
24.It wasB that saved the man's life 20years later.
A.a voice   B.the dream     C.someone else  D.God.
2.While many young people were enjoying the final weeks of summer vacation,Zach,Bonner was working his hardest. He started  (11)B  from Valrico,Florida,his hometown,on Christmas,2009,and stepped over the Los Angeles city line nine months (12)Cin September,covering a total of 2,478 miles and(13)Aclose to  120,000 for kids in need.A1ong the way,Zach attended school online,thanks to his mother,Laurie Bonner,and brother and sister,who (14)Dwalking and driving alongside him.
    Despite his age,Zach has a long(15)Bof helping others. When Hurricane Charley hit town in 2004,Zach,then six,pulled a wagon through his neighborhood (16)D food for storm victims. Since then,he has raised some 400,000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation,which gives money to projects helping homeless (17)B,In 2007,Zach began walking to support.a children's charity in Florida,finishing his(18)D23 days later,280 miles away in Tallahassee.Then in the summer of 2009,he walked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington,D.C.,in just two months.
"What,really (19)Ame going i8 these kids,"Zach has said."They don't have to say,‘I'm (20)Cof being homeless.'So why should l get to quit?"

11.A.touringB.walkingC.drivingD.riding
12.A.agoB.awayC.1aterD.over
13.A.raisingB.earningC.makingD.saving
14.A.put onB.gave upC.set aboutD.took turns
15.A.impressionB.historyC.motivationD.attempt
16.A.cookingB.offeringC.seekingD.collecting
17.A.patientsB.childrenC.beggarsD.women
18.A.distanceB.vacationC.movementD.journey
19.A.keepsB.catchesC.leavesD.stops
20.A.excitedB.fondC.tiredD.proud.
9.Mobile Phone Manners
Mobile phones have changed the way we communicate;they have also brought about     problems in phone manners.Gaik Lira,a Singapore-based advice has some advice on     phone manners.
When dealing with missed calls,the person being.called should return the call."Calls  should be returned as soon as possible,and no later than the following day.Anything later  than that,and an apology or a reason for the delay should go with the call."
Text messages should be kept short and to the point.If they go beyond four or five  lines,call or e-mail instead."The use of short forms should be among family members and  friends,never in a business situation."
    Speak in a low voice as if you were talking to someone next to you.If the connection is  bad,don't raise your voice in order to be heard,simply move to another place where the   connection may be better.And if that doesn't work,tell the caller to call you back or offer   to call at a later time.
    When a conversation is cut off due to a bad connection,the person who started the  conversation should call back."It may be inconvenient for the other person to return the  call,especially if it's an unlisted number,or an overseas call."
    When running late for a date or meeting,it is acceptable to text to inform that you'll   be delayed.Messages should be apologetic."A message like‘Sorry.Will be about 30 mi-nutes late due to flight delay'is considered polite and thoughtful."
    Taking calls during meetings is only acceptable if you have informed the chairperson  that you are expecting an urgent call.If you get an unexpected but urgent call,apologize to  those present and offer a quick explanation as to why you have to take that call.Then leave the room to contioue your phone conversation.
46.What should one do if he or she has missed a call?D
A.Text an apology to the caller.   
B.Give a reason for the delay.
C.Wait till the caller calls again.  
D.Return the call as soon as possible.
47.Which of the following is a proper text message in a business situation?D
A.Will send it to you tomorrow.
B.Will send it 2 U 2 moro.
C.Pls send it 2 me B4 2nite.
D.I will try my best to send it to you tomorrow and please wait patiently and don't worry about it.
48.What should you do if the connection is bad when you aye talking on your mobile phone?D
A.Raise your voice in order to be heard.
B.Hold on till the connection becomes better.
C.Ask someone next to you to lend you his or her phone.   
D.Move away from where you are or stop and talk later.
49.Why should the caller call back when a conversation is cut off?A
A.To be considerate to the receiver.
B.To save both time and money.
C.To make the conversation pleasant.
D.To make the connection better.
50.What should you do if you get an ordinary call during a meeting?B
A.Apologize to the people present and then answer the call.
B.Cut the call off at once and call back after the meeting.   
C.Answer the call and apologize to the chairperson later.   
D.Leave the room immediately to answer the call.
5.A.Health
    Health magazine features lots of articles on how to stay fit and feel fantastic.You'll find healthy yet tasteful recipes (菜谱) that will keep you on track with your diet.The living section will give you ideas for things to do on the weekend or how to add some excitement to your lifestyle.
B.US Weekly
    It features the latest news on the hottest celebrities(名人).Filled with photographs and stories,it's a great magazine for their diets,weddings,divorces and all the events of the week.It keeps you up-to-date with everything that's happening in Hollywood--the good,the bad and the embarrassing.
C.Rolling Stone
    It's a bi-weekly magazine for music and pop culture trends.In addition,readers can find culture and social comments on present news and events in each issue.Yearly special issues include the music festival preview,the best of rock,fall fashion,and 10 bands to watch.
D.Details
    It is an award-winning monthly fashion magazine.It's for men who are enthusiastic about adventure,style,music,fashion,sports,politics,humor and pop culture.Reviews of the latest books and movies are also included.Every issue has an interview with a celebrity in the news,with insightful questions and interesting answers.
E.Reader's Digest
    It is the world's most widely-read monthly magazine.Each issue is packed with easy-to-read articles that help people lead better and healthier lives.It contains useful advice,entertainment and inspiration,the latest medical discoveries,how to manage your time and money,plus much more.
F.Life & Style Weekly
    This magazine is the first weekly style magazine.It covers the latest happenings in Hollywood.You can find fashion,beauty,lifestyle trends and shopping guides in each issue of the magazine.
请阅读以下读者的相关信息,然后把这些读者与其感兴趣的杂志匹配起来.
41.Abraham is a handsome student at Beijing Sport University.Besides sports news,he is concerned about social and political problems in his spare time.
42.Rebecca is a beautiful housewife,but she doesn't care much about her clothing.Her husband suggests that she learn some shopping skills and the best style tips.
43.Patrick is a fan of stars who is crazy about them.He wants to know all the information about his favorite stars in real life situations like shopping for groceries,walking the dog and so on.
44.Melissa and her boyfriend have just left university for work.They don't have much money to eat outside every day.They must learn to cook for themselves.
45.Douglas was a teacher at Peking University Heath Science Center.He retired last month and now lives happily with his wife in the countryside.He pays close attention to advances in medical science.

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网