题目内容
In a land often shaken by earthquake, how have Japan's wooden pagodas(佛塔)remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confident for ages about their resilience(抗震性).
For centuries, many believed the resilience of pagodas is caused by its big central columns known as shinbashira actually does not carry any weight at all but is hanging down loosely from the top of the pagoda through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.
And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central column? Mr. Ishida, known as ‘Professor Pagoda’ has built a series of models and tested them on a ‘shake-table’ in his laboratory. In short, the shinbashira was acting like a big pendulum(钟摆). Under pressure, a pagoda’s loose floors could be made to move back and forth independently. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance—with each floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbors above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, made it unlikely that individual floors moved too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, transmitting energy away along the column.
Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is its shape, with each floor being smaller than the one below. In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains not column that travels right up through the building. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply put on top of another like a small hill of hats.
The extra-wide eaves(屋檐)also play a part. Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope-walkers. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for tightrope walker to maintain his or her balance. The same holds true for a pagoda.
1.Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to ________.
A. put the pendulum into practice
B. gain insight into the “shake-table” model
C. learn about the function of the shinbashira
D. locate shinbashira’s excat position in a pagoda
2.The underlined word “loose” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________?
A. lost B. relaxed
C. base D. shakable
3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?
A. Some columns may extend from the bottom to the top of a pagoda.
B. The functions of extra eaves and balancing poles are similar.
C. The storeys of a Japanese pagoda aren’t built firmly.
D. Pagodas’s amazing resilience has long puzzled scholars.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A. How Shinbashira Plays Its Role
B. Why Pagodas Do Not Fall Down
C. Distinct Features of Japanese Architecture
D. Shuzo Ishida, a Famous Engineer
If you want to keep fit, please refer to the following:
Move More
Make it a daily to find ways to move your body.1.Climb stairs instead of taking the elevator. Walk your dog; play with your kids. It doesn’t have to be an hour in the gym or a 45-minute dance class. But that’s great when you’re up to it. At the same time, move more.
Quit Smoking
Ever since 1960 when it was announced that smoking was harmful to health, Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products. Just recently, we’ve seen more and more teens smoking. Could it be the Hollywood influence?2.Take care! Warn your children against smoking.
3.
While recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day can help protect against heart disease, more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney(肝肾) disease and cancer.
Reduce Stress
Easier said than done, stress comes in many ways.4.Spend 30 minutes a day doing something you like such as walk on the beach or in a park, read a good book, visit a friend, listen to relaxing music, and watch a funny movie.
Protect Yourself from Pollution
If you can’t live in a smog-free environment, at least avoid smoke-filled rooms.5.Exercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is good.
A.Avoid Excessive Drinking |
B.There are many things you can do to move your arms and legs. |
C.Think carefully about what you will do. |
D.Exercise outside when the smog rating is low. |
E. It seems that the stars in every movie smoke cigarettes.
F. Keep a Positive Mental Outlook
G. Some techniques given by experts are to think positive thoughts.
A. | have produced | B. | have been produced | ||
C. | are producing | D. | are being produced |