A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.

The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.

Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue”, he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled task the driving is.”

Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (减轻) the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.

Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of

those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice (初学者) driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 for the first six months.

46. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?

A. Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.

B. A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.

C. Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.

D. A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.

47. According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _________.

A. their lack of driving experience??? B. their frequent driving at night

C. their improper way of driving??? D. their driving with passengers

48. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?

A. Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.

B. Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.

C. Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.

D. The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers' driving accidents.

49. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents is that _________.

A. driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule

B. they should be prohibited from taking on passengers

C. the licensing system should be greatly improved

D. they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.

50. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system _______.

A. is under discussion????? B. has been put into effect

C. is about to be set up?????? D. has been perfected

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Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A. the visitors to his office B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness D. the things he has bought online

The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A. adults should develop social skills B. babies need warm physical contact

C. caregivers should be healthy adults D. monkeys have social relationships

In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

A. evaluate someone’s personality B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C. physical temperature affects how we see others

D. capable persons are often cold to others

What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How do you enter a room full of strangers? Do you walk right in full of confidence? Or do you try to slip in without being noticed? ___1.___

In life, we admire those who do their tasks confidently. We prefer people who appear to know what they are doing. But where does that confidence begin?

Developing self-confidence starts very early. It’s parents’ role to get kids on the right track toward becoming confident people. ___2.___ That can be done by focusing on the child’s strengths. Parents should encourage their children to try new things and take risks. When children make mistakes, their parents should still let them know that they are loved. Children whose parents do these things will likely develop into confident adults. ___3.___ So what’s the solution?

With most things in life, practice makes perfect, and that is true of confidence skills. ___4.__Always hold your head high and look people in the eye. Answer questions clearly and confidently.

Focus on the things that you do well, and look for opportunities to use those abilities.

Prepare thoroughly for every project. You’ll approach the task more confidently knowing that you are ready.

___5.___ It could be a good test score or a prize from a contest. Remind yourself that one success often leads to the next.

However, all humans fail at times, and you will too. Even with efforts to try all the above, you will never be perfect. But you can learn to love and accept yourself and live your life with confidence.

A．Keep in mind an item that reminds you of a recent success.

B．The more you practice them, the easier they will become.

C．The way you go into new situations show your level of self-confidence.

D．Our goal is to prepare students to go into the world with confidence.

E. To help that process, parents should always offer more praise than criticism.

F. Learning from mistakes helps you face the same situation later without fear.

G. But self-confidence still doesn’t come easily.

A recent Living Social survey showed that Americans may live up to their poor reputation while travelling abroad. But what’s more surprising is that many of those surveyed self-identified themselves as ‘ugly’ Americans and the world’s worst travelers.

Those in the U.S. ranked themselves as the worst travellers by a shocking 20 per cent, followed by 15 per cent saying the Chinese were the most substandard tourists.

Americans topped the list as being the worst-behaved travelers in a survey of 5,600 respondents, 4,000 of whom were Americans. Other respondents were in Australia, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom. But even American respondents considered their compatriots(同胞) as the worst travelers from a list of 16 nationalities.

Canadians and Australians also put Americans in the No. 1 spot. Irish respondents pointed to U.K. residents and U.K. respondents gave Germans the nod. On the other hand, 37% of Americans opted for "none of the above" in answer to the worst-tourists question, displaying more tolerance and open-mindedness than the other nationalities.

Other survey questions had respondents admitting pilfering from hotels. Four in ten U.S. survey-takers said they’d stolen something – mostly towels (28%) and bathrobes (8%). Other popular pinched items included pillows, remote controls, Bibles and sheets.

Not surprising is that Americans have less time off from work than other nationalities. Americans reported getting 16 days off, compared with 28 days for the Irish, 27 days for Australians, 23 days for U.K. workers; and 21 days for Canadians.

In the travel mishaps department, the most common travel disaster reported by Americans was lost luggage on an airline (21%)； bad weather (21%)； and getting very lost (16%).

As for places Americans most want to see, Disney World and Las Vegas made the top 10, but they weren't at the top of the heap. And New York didn't make the cut.

1.What percentage of American respondents is in the survey?

A．20 %

B．15%

C．71%

D．37%

2.The underlined word “pilfering” in Para. 5 most probably means ________.

A．taking

B．bringing

C．stealing

D．borrowing.

3.According to the survey, what kind of things are most taken away by Americans?

A．towels and pillows

B．bathrobes and remote controls.

C．towels and Bibles

D．bathrobes and towels.

4.What’s the best title of this passage?

A．Chinese were announced as the world’s worst travellers.

B．The global worst travellers were announced.

C．Disney World is the best destination to Americans.

D．European travellers were the best in the world

阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。

[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.

　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.

　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.

　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.

1.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)

________________________________________________________________________

2.Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)

Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)

___________

4.What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)

______________________________________________________________________

5.What does the word “they” (Line2, paragraph3)probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)

______________________________________________________________________

Dear Friend,

The recent success of children's books has made the general public aware that there's a huge market out there.

And there's a growing need for new writers trained to create the $3 billion worth of children's books bought each year ... plus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers.

Who are these needed writers? They're ordinary folks like you and me.

But am I good enough?

I was once where you might be now. My thoughts of writing had been pushed down by self-doubt, and I didn't know where to turn for help.

Then, I accepted a free offer from the Institute to test my writing aptitude（潜能）, and it turned out to be the inspiration I needed.

The promise that paid off

The Institute made the same promise to me that they will make to you, if you show basic writing ability:

You will complete at least one manuscript（手稿） suitable to hand in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.

I really didn't expect any publication before I finished the course, but that happened. I sold three stories. And I soon discovered that was not unusual at the Institute.

Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children's books and over 300 stories and articles.

Free test and brochure

We offer a free aptitude test and will send you a copy of our brochure describing our recognized home-study courses on the basis of one-on-one training.

Realize your writing dream today. There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever.

Sincerely,

Kristi Holl, Instructor

Institute of Children's Literature

1.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____.

A. children’s books are usually bestsellers

B. publishers are making $3 billion each year

C. magazines for teenagers have drawn public attention

D. there is a growing need for writers of children's books

2.When finishing the course, you are promised to_____.

A. be a successful publisher

B. become a confident editor

C. finish one work for publication

D. get one story or article published

3.Kristi Holl mentions her experience mainly to_____.

A. prove she is a good instructor

B. promote the writing program

C. give her advice on course preparation

D. show she sold more stories than article