题目内容

D

    Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

    Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

    Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

    To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

    “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

    A. the visitors to his office         B. the psychology lessons he has

    C. his physical feeling of coldness   D. the things he has bought online

The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

    A. adults should develop social skills     B. babies need warm physical contact

    C. caregivers should be healthy adults    D. monkeys have social relationships

In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

    A. evaluate someone’s personality        B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

   D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

We can infer from the passage that ______.

    A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

    B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

    C. physical temperature affects how we see others

    D. capable persons are often cold to others

What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

 B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

    C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

    D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

【小题1】C

【小题2】B

【小题3】A

【小题4】C

【小题5】D


解析:

【小题1】细节理解题。文章第一段就提出了本文所要讨论的主题:人的情绪受身体对冷热,的不同感受的影响。

【小题2】推理判断题。第二段中作者提到Harlow’s experiment就是为了证明这段第三句Much of this particularly warmth and sadness的观点。

【小题3】细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段的最后二句可知接受实验的学生应对Person A作出评价。

【小题4】推理判断题。一个人所接触的物体的温度会影响一个人的情绪,同样体温的高低也可能有同样的影响。

【小题5】主旨大意题。全篇文章就是围绕第一段提出的论点展开的。

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阅读理解

  Alice watched from her brother's New Orleans house as Hurricane Katrina split trees, broke windows, and swallowed cars, including her own, A few miles away, her best friend, Pat also a nurse.was supervising patients in the high-risk hospital when the river banks broke, For the next six days, Pat and her crew lived there until a rescue boat picked them up,

  Both of them were evacuated to safer parts of the States, Weeks later, they, like thousands of others,returned to find their homes uninhabitable, their jobs gone,

  The following spring, as she was rebuilding her life, Alice contacted an information centre for returning, residents, When asked if she would head a desperatedly needed clinic, Alice said she'd do ti, but only with Pat, It took Pat less then five minutes to say yes, And after consulting with her children, she offered her damaged home as the new clinic.

  As word spread, help poured in, Groups raised money and donated medical equipment, exam tables, free ductwork, other supplies and even labor, Bedrooms were transformed into exam rooms and Pat's living room into a waiting room.

  On February 27,2007,the clinic opened, with patients lined up around the block, Those who came in that first day were very sick with problems from not taking their medicine for a year after Katrina, Over 1,200 people have made their way to the clinic, whose decoration passes what Pat calls the mama test.:“Would your mama feel comfortable here?”Until recently, it was the only health-care facility in there,“It's a relief to have a clinic right here in the neighborhood where I can check my pressure.”says Latoya Owens, 30, who suffers from hypertension.

  “This is the most rewarding thing I ‘ve ever done,”says Alice.Adds Pat,“I ‘m alleviating(减轻)some suffering in an underserved population.I listen to their stories, and I cry a lot, People outside New Orleans think things are back to normal here, but we are far from that.”

(1)

When Hurricane Katrina arrived, ________.

[  ]

A.

Alice was driviilg to her brother's hous

B.

Pal was visiting in a hospital

C.

houses were destroyed

D.

peoplc were rescued to safety

(2)

What does the fifth paragraph mainly 1elI us?

[  ]

A.

The clinic opened a year after Hurricane Katrina.

B.

The clinic helped local people a lot.

C.

The clinic was the only one of its kind in the neighborhood.

D.

The clinic was decorated to people's satisfaction.

(3)

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

[  ]

A.

Things in New Orleans were much worse than people thought.

B.

Alice felt happy and satisfied about what she was doing.

C.

Pat thought a lot before agreeing to work together with Alice.

D.

People were ready to help when disasters happened.

(4)

Pat cried a lot probably because ________.

[  ]

A.

she was sad about what people had suffered

B.

she was moved by people's help to the clinic

C.

work in the clinic was too difficult

D.

she lost her job and home during Hurricane Katrina

(5)

The underlined word“|evacuated”in the second paragraph most probably means“________”

[  ]

A.

foreed

B.

attached

C.

related

D.

moved

出国游有许多需要注意的事项。而付小费是很多国家的普遍现象。由于文化习俗的差异,不同的国家、不同的地区做法不尽相同。以下A、B、C、D、E和F是对亚洲一些城市给付小费的介绍,选出符合编号描述的选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。
【小题1】 Most expensive restaurants will add a 10% service charge to the bill.
【小题2】Though tipping is not allowed, people who have served you accept tips in a certain way.
【小题3】Culturally, tipping is unnecessary, but customers sometimes pay service charge when checking out.
【小题4】 If you want to get loyal service, you should give a tip more than 10%.
【小题5】You ae not expected to pay tips at a low class hotel.
A
Bangkok (曼谷) There are no established rules of tipping in Bangkok, capital of Thailand. Some places expect it; others don’t. In general, the more westernized the place is, the more likely you’ll be expected to leave a tip.
Restaurants: Some expensive restaurants will add a 10% service charge to the bill. If not, waiters will appr eciate your increasing by 10% yourself. However, if you’re eating at a cheap eatery, a ti is not necessary.
Porters: At Bangkok’s many five-star hotels, you’re expected to tip the porter 20 to 50 baht(铢), depending on how many bags you have.
Taxis: Taxis are now metered in Bangkok, so there’s no bargaining over your fare. The local custom is to round the fare up to the nearest five baht.
B
Jakarta (雅加达)  Tipping is not part of the Indonesian culture, but international influences have turned some westernized palms upward in search of a few extra rupiah (卢比).
Restaurants: A 10% service charge is added at most high-end restaurants. At moderately priced restaurants, 5,000 rupiah should do it---if the service is superb, add an extra 1,000 rupiah or so.
Porters: Pay a few hundred rupiah for each bag.
Taxis: Most drivers will automatically round up to the next 500 rupiah. Some will claim they have no change and will bleed you for more. Don’t accept anything more than a 1,000-rupiah increase.
C
Kuala Lumpur (吉隆坡)  Like Indonesia, tipping in Malaysia is only common in the expensive westernized joints, which often add a 10% service charge to your meal or hotel bill.
Restaurants: If you are at a hotel restaurant, expect a 10% service charge or add the same amount yourself. But at local stalls, there’s no need to add a tip.
Porters: At five-star hotels, one or two ringgit(林吉特) will be enough. At low-end establishments, you are not forced to tip.
Taxis: Many taxis are now metered, so you can just round up to the nearest ringgit. In unmetered taxis, expect a session of hard bargaining for the ride.
D
Manila (马尼拉)  Tipping is common in Manila, the Philippines, and anything above 10% will gain you long-lasting loyalty.
Restaurants: Even if a service charge is included, it is a custom to add another 5%-10% to the bill.
Porters: Service in top hotels is good and should be rewarded with 20% pesos(比索) per bag.
Taxis: Most taxis are metered, and rounding up to the next five pesos is a good rule of taking taxis.
E
Seoul  Tipping is not part of the Korean culture, although it has become a rule in international hotels where a 10% service charge is often added.
Restaurants: If you are at a Korean barbecue (烧烤店), there’s no need to add anything extra. But a luxury Italian restaurant may require a 10% service charge.
Porters: If you are at a top-end hotel, international standards apply, so expect to tip 500-1,000 won per bag.
Taxis: Drivers don’t expect a tip, so unless you’re feeling remarkably generous, keep the change for yourself.
F
Singapore City  According to government rules in the Lion City, tipping is a no-no. It’s basically outlawed at Changi Airport and officials encourage tourists to neglect the 10% service charge that many high-end hotels add to the bill.
Restaurants: Singaporeans tend not to leave tips, especially at the outdoor eateries. Nicer restaurants do sometimes charge a 10% service fee, but there’s no need to supplement that.
Porters: Hotel staff are the one exception to the no-tipping rule. As a general guide, S$1 would be enough for baggage-lugging service.
Taxis: Drivers don’t expect tips, but they won’t refuse if you want to round up the fare to the next Singaporean dollar.

出国游有许多需要注意的事项。而付小费是很多国家的普遍现象。由于文化习俗的差异,不同的国家、不同的地区做法不尽相同。以下A、B、C、D、E和F是对亚洲一些城市给付小费的介绍,选出符合编号描述的选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。

1. Most expensive restaurants will add a 10% service charge to the bill.

2.Though tipping is not allowed, people who have served you accept tips in a certain way.

3.Culturally, tipping is unnecessary, but customers sometimes pay service charge when checking out.

4. If you want to get loyal service, you should give a tip more than 10%.

5.You ae not expected to pay tips at a low class hotel.

A

Bangkok (曼谷) There are no established rules of tipping in Bangkok, capital of Thailand. Some places expect it; others don’t. In general, the more westernized the place is, the more likely you’ll be expected to leave a tip.

   Restaurants: Some expensive restaurants will add a 10% service charge to the bill. If not, waiters will appr eciate your increasing by 10% yourself. However, if you’re eating at a cheap eatery, a ti is not necessary.

   Porters: At Bangkok’s many five-star hotels, you’re expected to tip the porter 20 to 50 baht(铢), depending on how many bags you have.

   Taxis: Taxis are now metered in Bangkok, so there’s no bargaining over your fare. The local custom is to round the fare up to the nearest five baht.

 B

Jakarta (雅加达)  Tipping is not part of the Indonesian culture, but international influences have turned some westernized palms upward in search of a few extra rupiah (卢比).

   Restaurants: A 10% service charge is added at most high-end restaurants. At moderately priced restaurants, 5,000 rupiah should do it---if the service is superb, add an extra 1,000 rupiah or so.

   Porters: Pay a few hundred rupiah for each bag.

   Taxis: Most drivers will automatically round up to the next 500 rupiah. Some will claim they have no change and will bleed you for more. Don’t accept anything more than a 1,000-rupiah increase.

C

Kuala Lumpur (吉隆坡)  Like Indonesia, tipping in Malaysia is only common in the expensive westernized joints, which often add a 10% service charge to your meal or hotel bill.

   Restaurants: If you are at a hotel restaurant, expect a 10% service charge or add the same amount yourself. But at local stalls, there’s no need to add a tip.

   Porters: At five-star hotels, one or two ringgit(林吉特) will be enough. At low-end establishments, you are not forced to tip.

   Taxis: Many taxis are now metered, so you can just round up to the nearest ringgit. In unmetered taxis, expect a session of hard bargaining for the ride.

D

Manila (马尼拉)  Tipping is common in Manila, the Philippines, and anything above 10% will gain you long-lasting loyalty.

   Restaurants: Even if a service charge is included, it is a custom to add another 5%-10% to the bill.

   Porters: Service in top hotels is good and should be rewarded with 20% pesos(比索) per bag.

   Taxis: Most taxis are metered, and rounding up to the next five pesos is a good rule of taking taxis.

E

Seoul   Tipping is not part of the Korean culture, although it has become a rule in international hotels where a 10% service charge is often added.

   Restaurants: If you are at a Korean barbecue (烧烤店), there’s no need to add anything extra. But a luxury Italian restaurant may require a 10% service charge.

   Porters: If you are at a top-end hotel, international standards apply, so expect to tip 500-1,000 won per bag.

   Taxis: Drivers don’t expect a tip, so unless you’re feeling remarkably generous, keep the change for yourself.

F

Singapore City   According to government rules in the Lion City, tipping is a no-no. It’s basically outlawed at Changi Airport and officials encourage tourists to neglect the 10% service charge that many high-end hotels add to the bill.

   Restaurants: Singaporeans tend not to leave tips, especially at the outdoor eateries. Nicer restaurants do sometimes charge a 10% service fee, but there’s no need to supplement that.

   Porters: Hotel staff are the one exception to the no-tipping rule. As a general guide, S$1 would be enough for baggage-lugging service.

   Taxis: Drivers don’t expect tips, but they won’t refuse if you want to round up the fare to the next Singaporean dollar.

 

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中。选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Alice watched from her brother’s New Orleans house as Hurricane Katrina split trees, broke windows, and swallowed cars, including her own, A few miles away ,her best friend ,Pat also a nurse. was supervising patients in the high-risk hospital when the river banks broke, For the next six days, Pat and her crew lived there until a rescue boat picked them up,

Both of them were evacuated to safer parts of the States, Weeks later, they ,like thousands of others,returned to find their homes uninhabitable, their jobs gone,

The following spring, as she was rebuilding her life, Alice contacted an information centre for returning, residents, When asked if she would head a desperatedly needed clinic, Alice said she’d do ti ,but only with Pat ,It took Pat less then five minutes to say yes, And after consulting with her children, she offered her damaged home as the new clinic.

As word spread ,help poured in , Groups raised money and donated medical equipment ,exam tables, free ductwork, other supplies and even labor, Bedrooms were transformed into exam rooms and Pat’s living room into a waiting room.

On February 27,2007,the clinic opened, with patients lined up around the block, Those who came in that first day were very sick with problems from not taking their medicine for a year after Katrina, Over 1,200 people have made their way to the clinic, whose decoration passes what Pat calls the mama test.:”Would your mama feel comfortable here?” Until recently, it was the only health-care facility in there, “It’s a relief to have a clinic right here in the neighborhood where I can check my pressure.”says Latoya Owens, 30, who suffers from hypertension.

“This is the most rewarding thing I ‘ve ever done ,” says Alice .Adds Pat ,”I ‘m alleviating(减轻)some suffering in an underserved population. I listen to their stories, and I cry a lot, People outside New Orleans think things are back to normal here, but we are far from that.”

     

56 When Hurricane Katrina arrived,         

 A  Alice was driviilg to her brother’s hous    B.Pal was visiting in a hospital

 C  houses were destroyed                   D peoplc were rescued to safety

57.What does the fifth paragraph mainly 1elI us?

 A.The clinic opened a year after Hurricane Katrina.

 B.The clinic helped local people a lot.

 C.The clinic was the only one of its kind in the neighborhood.

 D.The clinic was decorated to people’s satisfaction.

58.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage'

 A.Things in New Orleans were much worse than people thought.

 B.Alice felt happy and satisfied about what she was doing.

 C.Pat thought a lot before agreeing to work together with Alice.

 D.People were ready to help when disasters happened.

59.Pat cried a lot probably because      

 A.she was sad about what people had suffered

 B.she was moved by people’s help to the clinic

 C.work in the clinic was too difficult

 D.she lost her job and home during Hurricane Katrina

60.The underlined word“evacuated’’in the second paragraph most probably means“    

 A.foreed        B.attached       C.related    D.moved

Alice watched from her brother’s New Orleans house as Hurricane Katrina split trees, broke windows, and swallowed cars, including her own, A few miles away, her best friend, Pat also a nurse. was supervising patients in the high-risk hospital when the river banks broke, For the next six days, Pat and her crew lived there until a rescue boat picked them up,

Both of them were evacuated to safer parts of the States, Weeks later, they ,like thousands of others, returned to find their homes uninhabitable, their jobs gone,

The following spring, as she was rebuilding her life, Alice contacted an information centre for returning, residents, When asked if she would head a desperatedly needed clinic, Alice said she’d do ti ,but only with Pat ,It took Pat less then five minutes to say yes, And after consulting with her children, she offered her damaged home as the new clinic.

As word spread, help poured in, Groups raised money and donated medical equipment, exam tables, free ductwork, other supplies and even labor, Bedrooms were transformed into exam rooms and Pat’s living room into a waiting room.

On February 27,2007,the clinic opened, with patients lined up around the block, Those who came in that first day were very sick with problems from not taking their medicine for a year after Katrina, Over 1,200 people have made their way to the clinic, whose decoration passes what Pat calls the mama test.: “Would your mama feel comfortable here?” Until recently, it was the only health-care facility in there, “It’s a relief to have a clinic right here in the neighborhood where I can check my pressure.” says Latoya Owens, 30, who suffers from hypertension.

“This is the most rewarding thing I’ve ever done ,” says Alice .Adds Pat ,”I ‘m alleviating(减轻)some suffering in an underserved population. I listen to their stories, and I cry a lot, People outside New Orleans think things are back to normal here, but we are far from that.”

1.When Hurricane Katrina arrived,         

A.Alice was driving to her brother’s house                  B.Pal was visiting in a hospital

C.houses were destroyed                          D.people were rescued to safety

2.What does the fifth paragraph mainly 1elI us?

A.The clinic opened a year after Hurricane Katrina.

B.The clinic helped local people a lot.

C.The clinic was the only one of its kind in the neighborhood.

D.The clinic was decorated to people’s satisfaction.

3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage'

A.Things in New Orleans were much worse than people thought.

B.Alice felt happy and satisfied about what she was doing.

C.Pat thought a lot before agreeing to work together with Alice.

D.People were ready to help when disasters happened.

4.Pat cried a lot probably because      

A.she was sad about what people had suffered

B.she was moved by people’s help to the clinic

C.work in the clinic was too difficult

D.she lost her job and home during Hurricane Katrina

5.The underlined word“evacuated”in the second paragraph most probably means“    

A.freed        B.attached         C.related            D.moved

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