Question

18．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短信．信中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的单词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
      2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Dear Headmaster，
    I am writing to talk about the canteen of our school．There are only a few stand in the canteen，leading to lots of students have to line up for food．It is waste of time，isn't it？But at times the food is not fresh and does not taste deliciously．So it's not surprising that some students chose to go to the street to buy junk food which do harm to their health．Would you think about that how to improve it？I would appreciate you if you could take some measures．Hopefully，my opinion can be taken to account．
Jack．

Answer 1

分析 这是一封 Jack写给校长的信．在信中，Jack主要分析了一些同学跑到街上吃垃圾食品的原因以及由此对他们的身体带来的危害；最后Jack希望校长能考虑他的建议：采取措施，使学校餐厅能有所改进．

解答 Dear Headmaster，
I am writing to talk about the canteen of our school．There are only a fewstandin
                                                                                                            stands
the canteen，leading to lots of studentshaveto line up for food．It is∧waste of time，
                                                         having                                  a           
isn't it？Butat times the food is not fresh and does not taste deliciously．So it's not
            And                                                                        delicious
surprising that some students chose to go to the street to buy junk food which do harm
                                          choose                                                            does
to their health．Would you  think about that how to improve it？I would appreciateyou 
                                                      去掉that                                                        it
if you could take some measures．Hopefully，my opinion can be takentoaccount．
                                                                                                      into                          
Jack


1．将stand改为stands   考查名词的单复数   此处a few"一些，几个"用来修饰可数名词的复数形式；故用stands
2．将have改为having   考查固定短语的用法   固定短语lead to sb．doing sth．"导致某人做某"；本句的意思是：学校的餐厅只有几个摊点，导致许多的同学不得不排队买饭；故用having
3．is后加a         考查固定短语的用法       固定短语a waste of"浪费"；此处的意思是：浪费时间；故在is后加a
4．将But改为And       考查连词的用法      根据句意"这是在浪费时间，不是吗？并且有时食物既不新鲜也不好吃"可知，此处表示递进关系；故用And             
5．将deliciously改为delicious    考查形容词的用法     此处用在系动词 taste 之后，故用形容词作表语； 改为delicious
6．将chose改为choose    考查时态     根据上文可知，此处描述的是现在的情况：即由于在学校餐厅吃饭得排队，有时食物既不新鲜也不好吃等原因，导致了一些学生到街上买垃圾食品吃；故用一般现在时
7．将do改为does      考查主谓一致   根据句意"因此一些学生选择到街上买有害于他们身体健康的垃圾食品吃是不足为奇的"可知，本句是定语从句； 关系代词which代替先行词junk food（不可数名词），在从句中作主语，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式does
8．去掉that    考查宾语从句中连接代词的用法     此处"how to improve it"用在了动词短语 think about 之后，故本句是宾语从句，由于该从句已经表达了完整的意思"如何改进它"，故应去掉that
9．将you改为it      考查固定的表达方式"I would appreciate it"意为：我会很感激，我将不胜感激；本句的句意：如果你能采取一些措施，我将不胜感激； 故改为it                     
10．将to改为into    考查固定短语的用法    固定短语 take into account意为：重视，考虑；本句的意思是：希望能考虑我的意见；故用into

点评 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力．错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词．常见的错误有：1 词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此类试题时，需要正确分析句子成分，熟练掌握各词类的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常见句法错误．通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误．解答此类试题时，需要掌握各类句子的句式结构及意义用法．3 应在理解文章大意的前提下，进行作答．