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An Extension of the Human Brain

Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺),much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a "social prosthetic (义肢的)system." Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.

Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.

Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a "new idea," I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.

These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).

But that’s the upside (好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.

An Extension of the Human Brain

A prosthetic nature

●The 1. can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.

●It 2. in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities.

Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment

●On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without 3. them in mind.

●The Internet makes us smarter over 4. kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 5. of the matter.

●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 6. our claims, and to 7. our actions.

The 8. sides of smartphones

●Smartphones make it easier and more 9. to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.

●Smartphones 10. the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.

阅读理解。

Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.

My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so-and-so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room/a car for your birthday/alavish sweet-16 party.” We had to earn our allowance (零用钱) by doing chores around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house.Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house until that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings,and if something was lost,it was not replaced.

It was summer and,one day,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed—and there it was in the window. White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers,the basket winked at me and I knew—I knew—I had to have it.

“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,“What a neat basket.”

I tried to hold off at first,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t stand it any longer:“Mom, please can I please,please get it? I’ll do extra chores for as long as you say. I’ll do anything,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please,Mom.Please?”

I was desperate.

“You know,” she said,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believed was the coolest thing ever,“If you save up you could buy this yourself.”

“By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!”

“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger,the bike guy.

“He can’t hold it for that long,Mom.Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom,Please?”

“There might be another way,” she said.

And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there (washing the car,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked nakedwithout the basket in front).And then,weeks later,I counted,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….

Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.

And then came the lessonI’ve taken with me through my life:“Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.“Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”

1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

A. The children enjoyed doing housework.

B.The author came from a well-off family.

C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way.

D.The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.

2.When the author saw the basket in the window,she.

A. fell in love with it

B. stared at her mother

C. recognized it at once

D.went up to the bike guy

3.Why did the author say many “pleases” to her mother?

A. She longed to do extra work.

B. She was eager to have the basket.

C.She felt tired after standing too long.

D.She wanted to be polite to her mother.

4.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was .

A.something she could afford

B.something important to her

C.something impossible to get

D.something she could do without

5.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that .

A. something spoiled her paying plan

B. the basket cost more than she had saved

C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike

D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind

6.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?

A. Save money for a rainy day.

B. Good advice is beyond all price.

C. Earn your bread with your sweat.

D. God helps those who help themselves.

How to Be a Good Friend

A good friend, who wouldn’t want one? Ever felt like yours just not good enough but don’t know where to improve?__ 1.___ I used to annoy a lot of my friends before, just for the sake of having fun and from that, I’ve learned how to be a good friend, and stay as a good friend.

Listen.

No one likes being interrupted when they’re talking. So, when someone talks, keep yourself quiet and listen to them, especially if they’re feeling down, you need to be the shoulder for them to cry on. If you have any comment to make, be sure that you word it in a way where you don’t sound too negative.__ 2.__ When you just don't share the same interest or you’re not in the mood to listen to them, politely let them know and ask them to understand.

Always smile.

_3.___ The least you can do is, whenever you see your friends, smile and say hello. That way, if they had a bad day, you can make them feel better with your smile along with your ear, and maybe, you can share something funny to cheer them up.

Don’t ever lie.

Everyone would hate being lied to, especially if it’s by your own friend, so don't lie! It might seem alright to lie occasionally, but once you lose your friend’s trust, you may lose them forever. __4.____

Keep secrets.

Make sure you can keep a secret. If not, tell your friends straight away you cannot help yourself when it comes to secrets. Otherwise, when you let them tell you about their secrets and you “accidentally” share it with someone else, you’ll have your friends hating you for the rest of your life. __5.____ Secrets are not meant to be shared, so don’t even try.

A.Everyone has their bad days, and it’s unavoidable.

B.And that is something you surely do not want to happen.

C.They’ll probably call you “big mouth”.

D.A few people seem upset at you for being so direct.

E.Otherwise, they may just take it as you are trying to put them down.

F.This same thing happened to a good friend of mine.

G.Well, you’ve come to the right place.

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