题目内容
3.As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries,a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West,for better or worse.Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery,but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads,leaving public land in between privately owned land.In much of the West,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.With the completion of the interstate highway system,many of the small towns,which sprang up as railway stops and developed well,have lost their lifeblood and died.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West.This is not an argument against building them.We need alternative energy badly,and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
So trade-offs will have to be made.Some scenic spots will be sacrificed.Some species(物种) will be forced to move,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations.Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter.The 21th century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind,just like the railroads and the highways.
The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So let's remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.
67.What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?C
A.Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
B.Some railroad stops remained underused.
C.Land in the West was hard to manage.
D.Land grants went into private hands.
68.What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?B
A.The transmission of power.
B.The use of money and power.
C.The conservation of solar energy.
D.The selection of an ideal place.
69.What is the author's attitude towards building solar plants?A
A.Cautious
B.Approving
C.Doubtful
D.Disapproving
70.Which is the best title for the passage?B
A.How the Railways Have Affected the West
B.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West
C.How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced
D.How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled.
分析 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍的是一种新型的太阳能装置是否能重新塑造出美国西部的新的发展,人们对于新型的能源很渴望,但是也有很多的担心.太阳能在西部的利用会用什么样的影响,是否可能和高速公路和铁路一样,对美国西部的发展造成的了有好也有坏的影响.
解答 67.C 细节理解题.根据第二段的In much of the West,some of the railroad sectionswere developed while others remained undeveloped,and in both cases thelandownership has presented unique challenges to land management.可知,铁路建设所引起的问题是西部的土地难以管理,故选C.
68.B 细节理解题.根据倒数第二段的There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind,可知人们很担心能源和金钱没有被正确地使用,而是被浪费掉了,故选B.
69.A 作者态度题.作者由铁路和高速公路在西部建设过程中出现的好的和坏的影响来说明太阳能发电厂在西部建设也会出现同样的问题.所以作者的态度很谨慎,故选A.
70.B 主旨大意题.本文主要讲述的就是新型的太阳能是否能重新塑造出西部的新的发展,人们对于新型的能源很渴望,但是也有很多的担心.故选B.
点评 这篇文章考查了细节题,主旨题,作者态度题,其中作者观点态度题的解题方法要求考生通过在文中寻找带有感情色彩的词来判断作者的态度外,有时还需要综合运用一些阅读方法,如:根据文章中与问题相关的细节做出判断,根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点,:作者的态度和立场一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观.,需要同学们通读全文并把握文章的主旨,最后做出正确的选择.
A. | find | B. | found | C. | to find | D. | finding |
--______.I bought them for you only a week ago!( )
A. | You bet | B. | You said it | C. | You don't say | D. | You name it |
A. | or | B. | and | C. | but | D. | so |
In any case,despite so much evidence to the (52)A,many managers still agree to Theory X.They believe,(53)B,that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively,or that decisions must be imposed from (54)D without consultation.This,of course,makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of (55)C people.Unlike authoritarian management,some cultures,particularly in Asia,are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making-all members of the department or work group are asked to (56)B to this process.This is management by the collective opinion.Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things,which are based on general (57)A.Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional (58)D managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative,to make decisions on their own without(59)A managers first.This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:(60)C the number of management layers in companies.After de-layering in this way,a company may be (61)B with just a top level of senior managers,front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has (62)Bbeen the case.Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to (63)D that the overall business plan is being followed,and that operations become more profitable under the new organization,rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or (64)A management,where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the (65)C of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects,rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51.A.desire | B.seek | C.lose | D.dislike |
52.A.contrary | B.expectation | C.degree | D.extreme |
53.A.vice versa | B.for example | C.however | D.otherwise |
54.A.outside | B.inside | C.below | D.above |
55.A.replacing | B.assessing | C.managing | D.encouraging |
56.A.refer | B.contribute | C.object | D.apply |
57.A.agreement | B.practice | C.election | D.impression |
58.A.bossy | B.experienced | C.western | D.male |
59.A.asking | B.training | C.warning | D.firing |
60.A.doubling | B.maintaining | C.reducing | D.estimating |
61.A.honoured | B.left | C.crowded | D.compared |
62.A.economically | B.traditionally | C.inadequately | D.occasionally |
63.A.deny | B.admit | C.assume | D.ensure |
64.A.virtual | B.ineffective | C.day-to-day | D.on-the-scene |
65.A.opinion | B.risk | C.performance | D.attractiveness |
-_________!I'm sure you'11make it.( )
A. | Go ahead | B. | Good luck | ||
C. | No problem | D. | Don't lose heart |
A. | when | B. | since | C. | where | D. | if |
-________.Our manager took another order yesterday.( )
A. | Yes,it will | B. | I don't take much of it | ||
C. | It's possible | D. | It's hard to say |