18.Part of the challenge in becoming better at a teaching job is getting to know the range of tools available.The following information focuses on what materials and equipment are available to make language teaching more effective.
The dictionary
The dictionary is a very handy tool.(36)D But sometimes,it can be in a large enough size to sit down for dinner at!They can be in hard or soft covers,corpus or non-corpus based,in book,pocket computer or CD-ROM form.
The board
The board is another standard piece of equipment that we may use often.There are all sort s of boards,such as flannel boards and black and green boards.(37)B Whiteboards of all sizes,from no bigger than a poster to those covering an entire wall,can be available in the market.
The box of rods
Apart from the above two common tools,the rods are slightly more unusual in the tool box.Manufactured by the Cuisenaire Company and originally used for teaching maths,rods are little sticks in ten different colors.(38)G
The picture pack
(39)AYou can select them for their beauty,strangeness,humor or other reasons.A picture pack can be used to review vocabulary,play guessing game,create stories and so on.(40)E
The music tape
Music is universal.Ask students to listen with their eyes closed and see what mental pictures they get.Not only can it create a good learning environment,but also it makes students more imaginative.

A.Collect about 50pictures cut from magazines.
B.Whiteboards are particularly used most.
C.Dictionary is very important in learning language.
D.Usually,dictionaries can be in a small pocket size.
E.In this way,students can study more effectively.
F.A picture pack is lightweight and portable.
G.Later,they became popular in language teaching.

Sometimes when I’m flying from one speaking engagement to another, I find myself sitting next to someone who's quite talkative. This is often a pleasant experience for me because I’m a people-watcher. I learn so much by watching and listening to the people I meet and see every day. I’ve heard stories of sadness and others of delight, fear and joy, and others that would rival those on “Oprah” and "Geraldo”.

Sad to say,there are times when I’m sitting next to someone who just wants to vent(发泄) his temper or inflict(强加)his political views on an audience for 600 miles. It was one of those days. I settled in, as my seatmate began his speech on the terrible state of the world with the time worn, “You know, kids today are...” He went on and on, sharing vague notions of the terrible state of teens and young adults, based on watching the six o’clock news rather selectively.

When I gratefully got off that plane and finally made it to my hotel in Indianapolis, I bought the local paper and went to have dinner in the hotel. There, on an inside page, was an article I believe ought to have been the front-page headline news.

In a little Indiana town, there was a 15-year-old boy with a brain tumor. He was undergoing radiation and chemotherapy(化疗)treatments,As a result of those treatments, he had lost all of his hair. I don’t know about you, but I remember how I would have felt about that at his age ---I would have felt awkward and ashamed.

This young man’s classmates willingly came to the rescue: all the boys in his grade asked their mothers if they could shave their heads so that Brian wouldn’t be the only bald boy in the high school. There, on that page was a photograph of a mother shaving all of her sons’ hair with the family looking on approvingly. And in the background, a group of similar bald young men.

No, I don’t despair about kids today.

1.From the passage we can infer the author's job is .

A. meeting talkative people

B. the commitments concerning speaking, like lecturers

C. a psychologist

D. to cope with complaints

2.The word “rival” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by .

A. oppose B. compete against

C. object to D. match

3.What's the author’s attitude towards his seatmate?

A. Favorable. B. Critical.

C. Indifferent. D. Satisfied.

4.The author's purpose in telling the news about the 15-year-old boy is .

A. to show his disappointment in kids today

B. to praise the diseased boy’s bravery

C. to draw people’s attention to care for such people

D. to display his confidence and faith in today’s teens

The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He __ me with a puzzle —all because he waved to me like someone does __ seeing a close friend. A big, ___smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to __ his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had ___me for someone else. By the time I contented myself with the __ that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.

Then one day the __ was solved. As I __ the school he was standing in the middle of the road __ his stop sign. I was in live behind four cars. __ the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars __. To the first he waved and __ in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same __ from the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff-looking(表情刻板的)businessman, gave a brief,almost ___wave back. Each following car of kids on their way to school __ more heartily.

Every morning I continued to watch the man with __. So far I haven’t seen anyone __ to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) __ to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His __ armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the __ of the whole neighborhood.

1.A. hit B. disappointed C. presented D. bored

2.A. on B. from C. during D. about

3.A. false B. shy C. apologetic D. bright

4.A. research B. study C. recognize D. explore

5.A. praised B. blamed C. mistaken D. respected

6.A. conclusion B. description C. evaluation D. introduction

7.A. argument B. disagreement C. mystery D. task

8.A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left

9.A. drawing back B. putting on C. handing in D. holding out

10.A. Once B. Before C. Unless D. While

11.A. in B. through C. out D. down

12.A. cried B. cheered C. smiled D. gestured

13.A. idea B. reply C. notice D. greeting

14.A. awkward B. angry C. elegant D. patient

15.A. came B. responded C. hurried D. appeared

16.A. surprise B. frustration C. interest D. doubt

17.A. fail B. try C. wish D. bother

18.A. offer B. sacrifice C. promise D. difference

19.A. effectiveness B. cheerfulness C. carefulness D. seriousness

20.A. trends B. observation C. regulations D. feelings

1.Simon Sinek is naturally shy and doesn't like speaking to crowds.At parties,he says he hides alone in the corner or doesn't even show up in the first place.He prefers the latter.Yet,with some 22million video views under his belt,the optimistic ethnographer also happens to be the third most-watched TED Talks presenter of all time.
Sinek's unlikely success as both an inspirational speaker and a bestselling author isn't just dumb luck.It's the result of fears faced and erased,trial and error and tireless practice,on and off stage.Here are his secrets for delivering speeches that inspire,inform and entertain.
Don't talk right away.
Sinek says you should never talk as you walk out on stage."A lot of people start talking right away,and it's out of nerves,"Sinek says."That communicates a little bit of insecurity and fear."
Instead,quietly walk out on stage.Then take a deep breath,find your place,wait a few seconds and begin."I know it sounds long and tedious and it feels excruciatingly awkward when you do it,"Sinek says,"but it shows the audience you're totally confident and in charge of the situation."
Show up to give,not to take.
Often people give presentations to sell products or ideas,to get people to follow them on social media,buy their books or even just to like them.Sinek calls these kinds of speakers"takers,"and he says audiences can see through these people right away.And,when they do,they disengage.
"We are highly social animals,"says Sinek."Even at a distance on stage,we can tell if you're a giver or a taker,and people are more likely to trust a giver-a speaker that gives them value,that teaches them something new,that inspires them-than a taker."
Speak unusually slowly.
When you get nervous,it's not just your heart beat that quickens.Your words also tend to speed up.Luckily Sinek says audiences are more patient and forgiving than we know.
"They want you to succeed up there,but the more you rush,the more you turn them off,"he says."If you just go quiet for a moment and take a long,deep breath,they'll wait for you.It's kind of amazing."
Turn nervousness into excitement.
Sinek learned this trick from watching the Olympics.A few years ago he noticed that reporters interviewing Olympic athletes before and after competing were all asking the same question."Were you nervous?"And all of the athletes gave the same answer:"No,I was excited."These competitors were taking the body's signs of nervousness-clammy hands,pounding heart and tense nerves-and reinterpreting them as side effects of excitement and exhilaration.
When you're up on stage you will likely go through the same thing.That's when Sinek says you should say to yourself out loud,"I'm not nervous,I'm excited!"
Say thank you when you're done.
Applause is a gift,and when you receive a gift,it's only right to express how grateful you are for it.This is why Sinek always closes out his presentations with these two simple yet powerful words:thank you.
"They gave you their time,and they're giving you their applause."Says Sinek."That's a gift,and you have to be grateful."
Passage outlineSupporting details
(71)Introduction
 to Simon Sinek
●He is by (72)nature
 shy and dislikes making speeches in public.
●Through his (73)constant/tireless/continuous
 effort,he enjoys great success in giving speeches.
Tips  on  delivering speeches
 
●Avoid talking (74)immediately/instantly
 for it indicates you're nervous.
●Keep calm and wait a few seconds before talking,which will create an (75)impression
 that you are confident.
●Try to be a giver rather than a taker because in (76)comparison/contrast
 with a taker,a giver can get more popular and accepted.
●Teach audience something new that they can (77)benefit/learn
 from.
●Speak a bit slowly just to help you stay calm.
●Never speed up while speaking in case you (78)bore/disgust the audience.
●Switch nervousness to excitement by (79)following/copying
 the example of Olympic athletes.
●Express your (80)gratitude/thanks/appreciation
 to the audience for their time and applause to conclude your speech.

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