Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation — for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, habitual loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between habitual loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, habitual loneliness can be a sad and sometimes dangerous condition.

1.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

A. Talk to friends.

B. Just ignore it.

C. Go to see a doctor.

D. Ask your teachers for guidance.

2."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.

A. a physical problem B. sleeplessness

C. temporary loneliness D. situational loneliness

3.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.

A. lonely people don't have many social problems

B. we depend on various persons for different reasons

C. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contacts

D. lonely people don't have many friends

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A. How to Get Rid of Loneliness

B. Loneliness and Diseases

C. Loneliness and Social Contacts

D. Three Types of Loneliness

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Nearly everyone has spent at least one night lying in bed wishing for sleep. But for many, it’s a nightly struggle. The key, or secret, is to experiment. What works for some might not work as well for others. _____1.___

1. Set a regular bedtime. Go to bed at the same time every night. ______2.______ Try not to break this routine on weekends when it may be tempting to stay up late. If you want to change your bedtime, help your body adjust.

2. ____3._____ If you’re getting enough sleep, you should wake up on time naturally without an alarm. As with your bedtime, try to maintain your regular wake-up time even on weekends.

3. Be smart about napping. While taking a nap can be a great way to recharge, especially for older adults, it can make insomnia(失眠)worse. ___4._____ If you must nap, do it in the early afternoon, and limit it to thirty minutes.

4. Fight after-dinner drowsiness(睡意). What should you do when getting sleepy before your bedtime? _____5.____ For example, washing the dishes, or calling a friend. If you give in to the drowsiness, you may wake up later in the night and have trouble getting back to sleep.

A. Wake up at the same time every day.

B. Spend more time outside in the day time.

C. When it’s time to sleep, make sure the room is dark.

D. Get off the couch and do something to avoid falling asleep.

E. If insomnia is a problem for you, consider giving up napping.

F. It’s important to find the sleep strategies that work best for you.

G. Choose a time when you normally feel tired so that you can fall asleep easily.

Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches(trainers), parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback(反馈)to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also be cautious(careful) that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worried more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcome. Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

1.According to the passage sports is positive for young people in that_____.

A.it can help them learn more about society

B.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

C.it enables them to find flaws in themselves

D.it can provide them with valuable experiences

2.Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _________.

A.without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidence

B.in order to make them remember life’s lessons

C.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

D.so as to put more pressure on them

3.According to the passage parents and coaches should_______.

A.help children to win every game

B.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

C.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

D.train children to deal with stress

4.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is_______.

A.to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

B.to emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to children

C.to discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragement

D.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网