题目内容

Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who lived between 1867-1934. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered two new elements (radium and polonium, two radioactive elements that they extracted chemically from pitchblende ore) and studied the x-rays they emitted. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors. By the end of World War I, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent methods of processing radium or its medical applications.

Marie Curie was born November 7, 1867 in Poland and died on July 4, 1934. Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre Curie of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the best known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901 with the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel prize, this time in chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radium's atomic weight.

As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess. She helped pay for her sister to study in Paris. Later, her sister helped Marie with her education. In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist.

 Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of x-rays. She received two Nobel prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material.

What is the main idea of the passage?

To give us a general introduction to Madame Curie.

To show us how Madame Curie discovered radium.

To tell us how Madame Curie developed as a scientist.

To tell us how Madame Curie received two Nobel Prizes.

Madame Curie was given the Nobel Prize in chemistry because_________.

she discovered radium

she separated pure radium and calculated its atomic weight

she discovered polonium

she didn’t patent methods of processing radium

Which of the following statements about Madame Curie is Not True?

Madame Curie made great contributions to medical science.

Madame Curie was very smart and ambitious when she was a child.

Madame Curie received two Nobel Prizes in physics.

Madame Curie’s husband helped her a lot in her research.

4. We can infer from the third paragraph that_________.

①Madame Curie got married when she was at college.

②Madam Curie had a great ambition when she was young.

③Madame Curie loved teaching more than anything else.

④Madam Curie must have met a lot of difficulties to get high education.

⑤Her father had a great influence on Madam Curie’s future career.

⑥Madam Curie was very smart when she was a child

A. ①②④⑤⑥     B.②④⑤⑥    C. ②③④⑤⑥    D. ①②③④⑤

5. Which is the right order about Madam Curie according to the passage?

a. married Pierre       b. attended University       c. discovered radium  

d. determined radium’s atomic weight               e. won the Nobel Prize in physics

A. b, c, a, d, e      B. b, a, c, d, e     C. b, a, c, e, d     D. b, c, a, e, d

1-5 ABCBC


解析:

1.  本文主要叙述了居里夫人的生平及所做的贡献。

2.  本题为细节题。根据文中第三段最后一句话可知答案。

3.  根据第二段内容可知居里夫人两次获得诺贝尔奖,第二次是诺贝尔化学奖。

4.  本题为推理判断题。根据第一、二句话可知居里夫人非常聪明;第三句可知居里夫人的父亲对她有很大影响;第四句可知她有很大的抱负;根据第五句话可知她所遇到的困难。她当家庭教师只是由于家庭贫穷;根据最后一句话可知她在上大学期间遇到了其丈夫,但结婚不一定是在求学期间。

5.  顺序为attended University—married Pierre—discovered radium—won the Nobel Prize in physics—determined radium’s atomic weight

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Madame Curie ,the youngest of five children ,was born in Warsaw ,Poland in 1867. Marie Curie's maiden name was Manya. Her parents were teachers,and she learned the importance of education at an early age. No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time,so Manya took a job as a governess(女家庭教师). She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her older sister's medical studies. Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891. Manya went to join them in Paris ,changing her name to Marie. She entered the Sorbonne(now the Universities of Paris)and studied physics and mathematics, graduating at the top of her class. For the research she wanted to do , she was introduced to another young scientist, Pierre Curie. Later they fell in love with each other . After their marriage, they worked together on radioactivity.

 Fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband, because science was their world and in this world of science fame and honor to persons had no value. One day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself and her thoughts and her beliefs, she answered him, “In science we must be interested in things,not in persons.” Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words,which she was later often to repeat. One evening, at a big party,a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of Greece,who was also a guest.She answered in her simple manner, “I don't see the value of it.” Then,seeing that she had hurt the feelings of her friend, she quickly added, “But …but…of course,I shall do whatever you please. Just as you please.”

What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her older sister's medical studies?

A.She was a teacher.                   B.She was a doctor.

C.She was a governess.                 D.She was a waitress.

What was valuable to Marie Curie?

A.science and research.               B.fame and honor.

C.character and spirit.               D.persons and things.

The writer for a newspaper was interested in____.

A.things       B.Marie Curie          C.Marie's husband          D.persons

What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece?

A.The King was angry with Marie Curie.

B.For the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.

C.The King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.

D.Marie Curie held another party for the King.

Today many people say that women have the same chance as men in society. But this was not always so. In the past, women all over the world had to fight to get the same chance as men in education and jobs. Many people said that women should not receive much education because they would not do as well as men when they went to work.
One woman who showed that women should have the same chance was Marie, a scientist. In the 1800s scientists knew that a metal, uranium, gave off radiation. They also knew how much radiation came from his element. But they didn’t know what this radiation was like; they wondered why and how uranium gave off radiation. Marie Curie set out to answer these questions. In one of her experiments she was studying a certain material which, she knew, contained uranium, But it gave off 4 times as much radiation as usually does. What could explain this fact? Marie Curie thought that there must be another source of radiation in this material.
In 1898 Marie Curie set out to find out this new source of radiation, which she named “radium”. Her husband, who was also a scientist, helped her. They set up a laboratory in an old building behind a school. For four years Curies searched, doing many experiments, And one morning in 1902 Marie found the source of the radiation.
Marie Curie proved to the world that there was element that gave off radiation. And she also proved to the world that, if women are given truly equal chance, they can really help society.
【小题1】The scientists of Marie Curie’s day knew .

A.that uranium gave off radiation
B.that radium gave off radiation
C.that there was some radium in uranium
D.that uranium and radium both gave off radiation
【小题2】The Curies found the element radium .
A.with other scientists’ helpB.by asking some famous scientists
C.by doing many experimentsD.with their teachers’ help
【小题3】In the past many people thought .
A.that women must get the same chance as men in education and jobs
B.that women should receive much education
C.that women should get good jobs
D.that women could not do the work well
【小题4】Marie Curie proved to people .
A.that there was a new element uranium
B.that there was a new element radium
C.that women could do their work as well as men if they were really given the same conditions
D.both B and C

Who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She created shelters, education opportunities and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Noble Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
Rachel Carson was born in the rural river town of Springdale, Pennsylvania in America. The popular 1962 book “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson made people realize the dangers and the harmful effects(影响) of pollution on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Angela Merkel (1954-  )
In 2005, Germans chose Angela Merkel as their first woman head of the country. She had been a scientist in the past. As Germany’s leader, she has had an effect on the whole world.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930- )
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work because she was a woman. However, she became the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court(最高法院)in 1981 after years of hard work.
Margaret Thatcher(1925- )
In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Britain’s first woman Prime Minister. She served until 1990, which made her the first British leader to serve three terms in a row. Because of her high standards and strong will, people called her Britain’s Iron Lady.
Marie Curie (1867-1934 )
Polish-born scientist Marie Curie discovered that some types of metal give off energy called radiation. Her research led to new medical treatments and arms. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911.
【小题1】Who once won the Nobel Prize?

A. Jane Addams and Marie Curie
B.Jane Addams and Margaret Thatcher.
C.Marie Curie and Angela Merkel
D.Marie Curie and Rachel Carson
【小题2】We can infer from the text that Rachel Carson worked to ______.
A.help the poor
B.spread geographic knowledge
C.protect the environment
D.protect the rights of women
【小题3】Who once failed to find a job?
A.Jane AddamsB.Sandra Day O’Connor
C.Rachel CarsonD.Margaret Thatcher
【小题4】What would be the best title for the text?
A.Great women. B.Famous scientists
C.Strong leadersD.Ways to success for women

Today many people say that women have the same chance as men in society. But this was not always so. In the past, women all over the world had to fight to get the same chance as men in education and jobs. Many people said that women should not receive much education because they would not do as well as men when they went to work.
One woman who showed that women should have the same chance was Marie, a scientist. In the 1800s scientists knew that a metal, uranium, gave off radiation. They also knew how much radiation came from his element. But they didn’t know what this radiation was like; they wondered why and how uranium gave off radiation. Marie Curie set out to answer these questions. In one of her experiments she was studying a certain material which, she knew, contained uranium, But it gave off 4 times as much radiation as usually does. What could explain this fact? Marie Curie thought that there must be another source of radiation in this material.
In 1898 Marie Curie set out to find out this new source of radiation, which she named “radium”. Her husband, who was also a scientist, helped her. They set up a laboratory in an old building behind a school. For four years Curies searched, doing many experiments, And one morning in 1902 Marie found the source of the radiation.
Marie Curie proved to the world that there was element that gave off radiation. And she also proved to the world that, if women are given truly equal chance, they can really help society.
【小题1】The scientists of Marie Curie’s day knew .

A.that uranium gave off radiation
B.that radium gave off radiation
C.that there was some radium in uranium
D.that uranium and radium both gave off radiation
【小题2】The Curies found the element radium .
A.with other scientists’ helpB.by asking some famous scientists
C.by doing many experimentsD.with their teachers’ help
【小题3】In the past many people thought .
A.that women must get the same chance as men in education and jobs
B.that women should receive much education
C.that women should get good jobs
D.that women could not do the work well
【小题4】Marie Curie proved to people .
A.that there was a new element uranium
B.that there was a new element radium
C.that women could do their work as well as men if they were really given the same conditions
D.both B and C

Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.

Born in September, 1987, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies’ two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.

Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities(设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers.Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgrum. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military’s Medal by the French government.

    In 1918, Irene became her mother’s assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taugh him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.

Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.

1.Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?

A.Because she received a degree in mathematics.

B.Because she contributed to saving the wounded.

C.Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.

D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.

2.Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederio joliot?

A.At the Curie Institute.       B.At the Cniversity of Paris.

C.At a military hospital.       D.At the College of Sevigne.

3.When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?

A. In 1932.     B. In 1927.      C. In 1897.     D. In  1926.

4. In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire different from her mother?

A.Irene worked with radioactivity.    B.Irene combined family and career.

C.Irene won the Nobel Prize once     D.Irene died from leukemia.

 

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