We each have a unique genetic (基因的,遗传的) make-up. Every cell of your body has the same set of about 100,000 separate genes made of DNA. These are the instructions for producing a person. Genes decide everything from the colour of your skin to the way your brain works. You have one of several billion binations of DNA which e from the random(随机的,任意的) mixing of your parents’ genes. Except for identical twins (同卵双胞胎), no one has the same bination as another person. You are unique! You are unique in another way too: in the way you are raised and all the experiences you have from before birth to adult life. These experiences influence you, your behaviour and attitudes, and the choices you make.

But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out. One set of twins occurs every 70 births---some are identical and others are non-identical twins. Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment. Non-identical twins are more like ordinary brothers and sisters.

Some identical twins have been adopted and brought up in different homes. With identical genes but a different home environment, scientists can study twins to see how much a particular feature depends on the genes we inherit. For example, we know that eye problems, like short-sightedness, are mostly genetic. But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences. Genes also influence our eating habits. Identical twins brought up apart often like to eat at the same time of day and feel full after eating the same amount. Non-identical twins in similar circumstances have more varied eating habits. Identical twins are also more likely to follow the same patterns for marriage and divorce than non-identical twins.

Scientists are trying to identify the different genes that influence our behaviour. Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs. Scientists have discovered a gene which affects this.

We could ask, “Are our lives determined by our genes or our upbringing?” Scientists are learning more all the time, but it is certainly true that both are important in making us who we are.

1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. We cannot easily change our physical appearance.

B. How we turn out depends on our parents’ genes.

C. Everyone has a physical double somewhere in the world.

D. Both our genes and our experiences make us who we are.

2.Why are scientists studying twins?

A. To find out how many twins are born every year.

B. To discover what shapes us as individuals.

C. To pare differences between twins.

D. To study brother-and-sister relationships.

3.According to the passage, __________.

A. one in 70 twins are genetically identical

B. non-identical twins are usually not of the same sex

C. twins separated at birth behave exactly the same

D. identical twins are genetically the same

4.Which of the following is most affected by experience according the passage?

A. Eating habits. B. Eye-sight.

C. Pain resistance. D. Marriage patterns.

5.What does the underlined “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Our love of sport.

B. Our attitude to risk-taking.

C. Our skill at bungee jumping.

D. Our ability to take drugs.

At Japan’s Studio Ghibli, which has produced extraordinary animated films(动画片)since 1985, the best-known figure has always been one of the company’s founders, Hayao Miyazaki.

But an equally key figure is co-founder Isao Takahata, who has recently made a new feature, The Tale of Princess Kagnya. It is an unforgettable feature with an unusual hand-drawn aesthetic(美感).

The title character is a tiny baby girl who appears in a bamboo plant. She is found by a woodcutter, who takes her home and brings her up. He believes the little girl is a princess, and sets about preparing what he regards as a suitable world for her.

This original story is the oldest work of fiction in Japan; every child knows it in its simplified folktale form.

“It is a fascinating story with elements of wonder, humour, and sorrow,’’ Takahata says, “but these three elements are scattered(分散)about.” The chief challenge for anyone trying to adapt it is that “we are completely unable to comprehend what was in the heart of Princess Kaguya. Because of this, despite its being well known, few people consider it interesting. There have been several attempts at making a film out of the story, but they ended up being abandoned.”

He was connected with one of these attempts, but no one paid any attention to his concept.

“Fifty-five years later, I thought my concept was still appealing, and used it as a basis for turning the story into a feature film.”

His concept involves the princess’s origins, her expectations and her access to “the full range of human emotions”.

To realize his vision, Takahata says, “I needed to take the extremely individualistic brushwork and key designs of Osamu Tanabe and Kazuo Oga, two brilliantly talented artists, and have them permeate(扩散)throughout the film. The two of them drew many pictures, but they weren’t nearly enough. The most challenging part was to have all the other animation staff copy their styles in a free and easy way.”

The Tale of Princess Kaguya has been released, and people are saying that the two founders, now in their seventies, have directed their final films. But is it as clear-cut as that? When I ask Takahata about a scene of escape and urgency with a particularly distinctive (独特的) visual style, he says he had intended to use “this type of rough-drawn, forceful animation, in a project before this film.

“That project hasn’t been realized yet, but if it comes to pass, this style is essential.”

A hint, perhaps, there's still more to come.

1.Which of the following choices has got the right match?

①Hayao Miyazaki

a. one of the founders of Studio Ghibli

② Isao Takahata

b. fictional character

③ Kazuo Oga

c. famous artist

④ Princess Kaguya

d. animation staff member of The Tale of Princess Kaguya

A.① d B. ② a C.③ b D.④ c

2.Why is it challenging to adapt the original story to a feature film according to the passage?

A. Because people are in the dark about the feelings of Princess Kaguya.

B. Because the story itself offers a combination of wonder, humour and sorrow.

C. Because the story is too old to appeal to the audience nowadays.

D. Because every Japanese has been familiar with the story ever since childhood

3.From the Takahata version of The Tale of Princess Kaguya, we can expect the following except ________.

A. more details about the Princess’s origins and expectations

B. a forceful animation type featuring fine images and gentle brushwork

C. the distinctive brushwork and key designs from two gifted artists

D. a hand-drawn visual effect that brings out a unique sense of beauty

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