题目内容

________ must you destroy the environment when you do it.

A. In no timeB. With no doubt

C. For no reasonD. On no account

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Most people think ________ necessary to learn a foreign language nowadays.

A. thatB. this C. it D. them

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is genetic – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

1.What does the author think about the present generation?

A. They don’t do well at school.

B. They are often misunderstood.

C. They are eager to win in sports.

D. They are given too much praise.

2.A fixed mind-set person is probably one who __________ .

A. doesn’t want to work hard

B. cares a lot about personal safety

C. cannot share his ideas with others

D. can succeed with the help of teachers

3.What does the growth mind-set believe?

A. Admitting failure is shameful.

B. Talent comes with one’s birth.

C. Scores should be highly valued.

D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

4.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?

A. Encourage them to learn from failures.

B. Prevent them from making mistakes.

C. Guide them in doing little things.

D. Help them grow with praise.

Experiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified foods, including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans. Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-winter fish to make a frost-resistant tomato.

A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes (糖尿病) to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again. GM beans and grains rich in protein(蛋白质) might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor, a disease caused by severe lack of protein, is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages.

Commenting on GM foods, Jonathon Jones, a British researcher, said: "The future benefits will be enormous（巨大的）, and the best is yet to come". To some people, GM foods are no different from unmodified foods. "A tomato is a tomato," said Brian Sansoni, an American food manufacturer.

Critics of GM foods challenge Sansoni's opinion. They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people, other animals, and plants.

In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University, scientists tested pollen(花粉) made by BT corn, which makes up one-fourth of the U.S. corn crop. The scientist dropped the pollen onto milkweed, a plant that is the only known food source of a butterfly caterpillar(毛虫). Within four days of feeding on the leaves, almost half of a test group of caterpillars died. "This is a warning bell." said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor.

Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger. How so? The insecticides are used on the crops to kill the pests. But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide. Insects relying on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and they may also develop a resistance to the insecticide.

At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada. GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants, creating "superweeds" that could take over whole fields.

So where do you stand? Should GM food be banned in the United States, as they are in parts of Europe? Or do their benefits outweigh（胜过） any of the risks they might carry?

1. The first three paragraphs try to give the idea that__________

A. GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans.

B. GM foods are no different from ordinary ones.

C. GM foods may have both benefits and harm.

D. GM foods are particularly good to the kwashiorkor patients.

2. Why is the pollen-sprayed milkweed mentioned in Paragraph 5?

A. To show GM foods can kill insects effectively.

B. To show GM foods contain more protein.

C. To show GM foods also have a dark side.

D. To show GM foods may harm crops.

3. What happens to those insects when not killed by the spray of insecticide?

A. They may lose their ability to produce lay eggs.

B. They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment.

C. They move to other fields free from insecticide.

D. They never eat again those plants containing insecticide.

4. Which of the following statements concerning banning GM foods is true according to the passage?

A. Underdeveloped countries have banned GM foods.

B. Both Europe and the U.S. have banned GM foods.

C. Most European countries have not banned GM foods.

D. The United States has not banned GM foods.

Mail lay scattered across the kitchen table. I couldn’t put off sorting through it any longer. I checked the envelopes, putting aside the ones addressed to my husband.

It had been over three years since Bob had died. To friends and family it looked like I had moved past the worst of my sorrow. I took care of my house, socialized and kept up with community. On the outside everything appeared to be normal. But inside I was anything but I worried I would never get better, never be myself again. They say sorrow has no set time limit, but I was so tired of feeling empty and hopeless. My sorrow was sharp and fresh as ever. It was like a wall of pressure in my chest, pressing my heart.

I picked up a piece of Bob’s mail and held it out to tear in half, but stopped myself from cutting up the envelope. The letter was from an organization that funded a Haitian orphanage called My Father’s House. Its founder, Carol Hawthorne, had given a presentation at our church. Bob and I had donated, and Bob ended up on the mailing list to receive the newsletter (通讯) with updates on the children.

I hadn’t read one since Bob died. But just three months before, in January 2012, the country had been hit by a terrible earthquake. In my depressed state, it hadn’t even occurred to me to wonder whether the orphanage had survived. I opened the newsletter and was surprised to find out that My Father’s House was still standing. Of course now it was more crowded than ever. At the bottom of the page was an announcement about an upcoming trip to visit the orphanage in person. “I should go.” The thought wouldn’t leave me. I contacted Carol Hawthorne.“What would I do if I go?” I asked.“Build houses?”

“The Haitian people there are eager to work and they know what they’re doing,” said Carol. “What they need are raw materials, and we provide them. We also visit with the children. We go to clinics and schools, pass out supplies. You’ll be very busy, I promise!” I reserved a seat but didn’t mention it to any of my friends. Just a few weeks later, I was at the airport with seven strangers, waiting to board a plane to Haiti. Even after takeoff I wasn’t really sure of what I was doing.

In Haiti we were met by Pastor Ronald Lefranc, the director of My Father’s House. We piled into an old school bus and drove over uneven roads full of stones and mud. We passed women shaking under the weight of huge water buckets balanced on their heads. Piles of rubbish scattered across the landscape, and the land was covered with broken tents. Finally we pulled up to the orphanage. A crowd of children—52 in all—rushed up to greet us. I couldn’t understand the words of the song they sang in Creole, but with the smiles on their faces I didn’t need to. Each child planted a big kiss on my cheek.

Carol and Pastor Ronald led us into the main building. “What are those over there?” I asked, pointing to a collection of thin tents. “Is there not enough room in the building for all the children?”

“We have the room,” said Pastor Ronald. “But many of these children came here after the earthquake. They still don’t feel safe sleeping under a roof.”

There was no sign of fear in the playroom inside. I played dolls and other games. Children I’d just met presented me with pictures they’d drawn and letters written in Creole. In the evening the children gathered in the dining room. They took turns reading aloud and then they all joined in song. The words were strange, but the tune sounded familiar.

They’d lost so much, yet were so joyful. In the evening the children gathered in the dining room. One of the older children stood up to speak and then they all joined in song. The words were strange, but the tune sounded familiar. The children settled down. In the silence, a quiet noise began.

1.During the three years after her husband’s death, the writer ________.

A. kept in close touch with friends and neighbors

B. just stayed at her home to take care of her house

C. forgot her unhappiness completely with busy work

D. lived in emptiness and hopelessness due to hardships

2.What does the underlined part “My Father’s House” refer to?

A. An association that fund the research into earthquake in Haiti.

B. An institution where children without parents greet foreigners.

C. An organization that collect money for children without parents.

D. A place where children without parents live and are looked after.

3.The writer enjoyed herself at ________.

A. driving over the roads

B. viewing the landscape

C. seeing the expressions on children’s faces

D. observing water buckets on women’s heads

4.Why did the children love to live in the thin tents?

A. Because they had to make preparations for the newcomers.

B. Because the tents are convenient for drawing in the open.

C. Because the rooms in the building are used to house guests.

D. Because they worried there might be another earthquake.

5.What can we conclude from the passage?

A. The writer decided to settle down in Haiti at last.

B. The writer overcame her loss by helping others.

C. The writer taught the children to sing in English.

D. The writer picked up Creole during her stay there.

In his lecture, the professor referred to the belief, in contrast to all other countries, ________ the elderly are wise, ________ is particularly dominant (占优势的) in the Chinese culture.

A. that; thatB. that; one thatC. which; whichD. that; one

Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the economy.

A. commitmentB. appointmentC. instrumentD. requirement

The Leaning Tower of Pisa was straight like a pole when the construction began in 1173. It started to shift direction soon after construction because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土). At the beginning, it leaned to the southeast before the shaky foundation started to shift leaning towards the southwest. After the period of structural strengthening at the beginning of the 21st century, now the Leaning Tower of Pisa leans at an angle of 3.97 degrees.

In 1178, the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor. The tower was heavy for the three-meter foundation that was built on a weak area of land.

For compensating(补偿) the leaning position, the builders started to construct the upper floors with one side higher than the other one. This caused the tower to lean in the other direction. This unusual structure led to the tower being actually curved. In spite of these efforts, the tower kept on leaning.

The government of Italy started to plan prevention of the complete collapse of the tower in 1964. However, a request was put forward by the authorities to keep the leaning position because of the tourism industry of the region.

After nearly two decades of careful planning by engineers, historians and mathematicians, the stabilization efforts for the Leaning Tower of Pisa started in 1990. The tower was closed for the general public and the people living nearby moved away. For reducing the total weight of the tower, its seven bells which represented the seven musical notes were removed. The tower was reopened for the general public on December 15, 2001.

In May 2008, after removing another 70 metric tons of earth, the engineers announced that the tower had been finally stabilized and it would remain stable for at least 200 years.

1.The Leaning Tower of Pisa began to lean probably because ________.

A. it was too high like a pole

B. its foundation shook badly

C. the work of repair was delayed

D. the soil of its foundation was too weak

2.People noticed the Leaning Tower of Pisa shift its direction ________.

A. as soon as it was constructed

B. during the construction

C. at the end of the construction

D. as soon as it was completed

3.Who preferred not to change the leaning position of the Leaning Tower of Pisa?

A. The authorities.

B. The government.

C. The engineers.

D. The historians.

4.Which of the following is the right order according to this passage?

a. People noticed the tower began to shift its direction.

b. The repair work was carried out last time.

c. The Leaning Tower of Pisa was repaired for the first time.

d. The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built.

e. The tower was opened to the visitors again.

f. The government started to make a plan for the tower.

A. c,d,a,f,b,e B. f,e,a,d,c,b

C. d,a,f,c,e,b D. d,e,b,f,c,a

For many people, history classes are seen as no more than requirements for getting degrees in chemistry, biology, business, marketing, etc. 1. Below are a few reasons why it’s vital that today’s people continue to learn about the past.

Understanding where people come from plays a key role in understanding who they are.2. For this reason, it’s extremely important to learn history in order to understand why people are the way that they are.

Through history classes, you can experience a shift (改革) in the way you think. 3.It’s important to develop minds to be able to consider problems from different angles. Finally, this shift can improve your ability to analyze and understand situations, to make educated decisions and to learn how to weigh the consequences related to each choice before you.

4.The idea that history repeats itself is rooted in truth. From wars to fashion to political trends, historians are often able to make predictions about the future based upon the past. By having a deep understanding of what happened in the past, today’s people can better prepare for brighter futures by making the right decisions—instead of repeating old mistakes.

Many people may not believe that a degree in history can lead to a well-paid job. In fact, students who graduate with degrees in history can become lawyers, business owners, think tank members, educators, leaders in historical organizations writers and so on. 5..

A.Whichever job you take, it can provide a comfortable life.

B.Learning about history can get students admitted to key universities

C.That means you look at things from a new point of view.

D.Learning from the past prevents future mistakes.

E.The key to enjoying the study of history is to find classes that interest you.

F.But the truth is that studying history is a wonderful way to prepare for a successful future.

G.History has shaped cultures, attitudes and social structures; it has shaped the world and its citizens.

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