题目内容

2.Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example,in American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.we often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.For example,many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; frequently used to cover painful feelings,Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our faces show emotions (情感),but we should not attempt to"read"people from another culture as we would"read"someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather,there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted.For example,in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends,Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.
It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits,we may make the mistake of"reading"the other person incorrectly.

28.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?B
A.Love.
B.Joy.
C.Politeness.
D.Thankfulness
29.The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile canC.
A.show friendliness to strangers   
B.be used in the wrong places
C.be used to hide true feelings     
D.show personal habits
30.What should we do before attempting to"read"people?D
A.Learn about their relations with others.
B.Figure out what they will do next.
C.Find out about their past experience.
D.Understand their cultural backgrounds.
31.What would be the best title for the text?D
A.Cultural Differences          
B.Smiles and Relationships
C.Habits and Emotions         
 D.Facial Expressiveness.

分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,属于说明文,主要讲述了面部表情的种种表现形式,以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同.

解答 28.B.细节理解题.由"For example,in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure"可知,在美国文化中,一般地说,微笑是快乐的表情.此处joy是pleasure的同义词.故选B.
29.C.推理判断题.根据文章第一段中的"It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures."可知这是一个中心句,其后用例证法阐述:微笑能隐藏真正的感情.它常常导致跨文化间的困惑.其中越南人讲故事的例子就是为了说明这一观点.故选C.
30.D.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段中的"The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits,we may make the mistake of"reading"the other person incorrectly."可知,我们在"读"人们的表情的时候,要现理解他们的文化背景,否则,就会出错.故选D.
31.D.主旨大意题.文章通篇阐述了面部表情的种种表现形式,以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同.故选D.

点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题.做题时学生应仔细阅读原文,把握文章主要内容,联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义,从中选出正确答案,一定要做到有理有据,切忌胡乱猜测.

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16.On Christmas Eve,1944,my grandmother urged my uncle,then 12years old,to slip out of the concentration camp where they were imprisoned near 15miles east of Vienna to go to Deutsch-Wagram."People are charitable around Christmastime,"Grandma Lili said to her son,Gyuri."Ask for some food.Anything they can spare.Tell them that we're on the edge of starvation.Tell them that your 3-year-old sister can not get off the bed because she's outgrown her shoes."
In the dark of that night,Gyuri secretly left the camp and walked nearly four miles to Deutsch-Wagram,the closest town.He happened upon a house and knocked on the front door.A woman opened that door.She was probably alone,her man far away,fighting in the war,her children asleep in their beds.The 12-year-old pieced together in German exactly what his mother had told him to say.
"Come back tomorrow,"whispered the woman.The next day,my uncle returned.The woman opened the door with a smile.She piled his hands with bread,clothing,a pair of shoes that her child had outgrown and a pair of socks.The woman had knitted warm socks for my mother.After putting on the socks and shoes that fit,my mother got off the bed in delight.Her ragged shoes were passed on to a younger child who was also living in the camp.They shared their unexpected harvest with the entire camp.It was a quiet celebration of human kindness around Christmastime.
In April 1945,my mother,uncle and grandmother were liberated.And it was those very socks and shoes that my mother wore as she walked some 28miles over two days to Bratislava on her walk to a new life.
To the unknown giver,I thank you.In the desperation of a cold and snowy land,when many hearts were closed and death was more likely than life,especially for Jews,you gave them hope and comfort.

25.What did Gyuri manage to do on Christmas Eve?C
A.Get permitted to go out.
B.Receive food and clothing.
C.Express what his family needed.
D.Celebrate Christmas in the camp
26.Why does the author mention shoes so many times?B
A.To prove the truth of the story.
B.To help the development of the story.
C.To attract readers'attention to the story.
D.To make clear the background of the story.
27.What feeling did the author write the text with?B
A.Desperation      
B.Gratefulness.
C.Excitement       
D.Sorrow.
28.What is the passage mainly about?A
A.Light in darkness                      
B.Peace to common people
C.Courage in face of danger                
D.The influence of Christmas.
17.
Similar to traditional marathons,OCR requires participants to undergo systematic training and careful deliberation before setting their feet in motion.These races are both physically and mentally demanding.Whether you're a first-timer or a seasoned pro,below is the fundamental guide to getting yourself prepared for the big day.
How to train for your first obstacle run:
◆Assess your needs.
◆Practice running as much as you can.
◆Build your total body strength-body weight exercises,core and balance exercises,jumping and climb ing.
◆Train how you plan to perform on the day.
Obstacle race essentials:
◆Clothing you won't mind getting ruined.Close-fitting athletic clothing is recommended.
◆Broken-in trail running or off-road shoes.To avoid injuries,never wear new shoes on a race day.
◆A bag to put dirty clothes in.
◆Gloves,towel,waterproof camera.
◆Water bottle and post-race snack.
Tip:Check the event's website to see if any specific equipment is recommended.
Safety caution:
   As with any organized race,certain safety dangers are unavoidable.So far,no data on severe injuries from OCR events has been published,but participants are still likely to be subject to twisted ankles,pulled muscles or shoulder strain during these intensive attempts.
   With that in mind,runners are advised to take their time and to compete defensively while staying alert for potential dangers."Take it slow,listen to your body and reach out to the community for advice,"CNN suggests."And learn to enjoy it."

56.Which of the following essentials are all recommended for obstacle race?D
A.close-fitting athletic clothing,new shoes,waterproof camera,post-race snack.
B.gloves,towel,water bottle,waterproof camera,snack,a dirty bag,special equipment
C.close-fitting athletic clothing,towel,new shoes,waterproof camera,
D.clothing wearing well,waterproof camera,post-race snack,water bottle,off-road shoes
57.What can we learn from the text?A
A.Before participating in traditional marathons,athletes must be trained systematically and consider it carefully.
B.OCR requires participants to be healthy physically and mentally
C.So far,evidence shows,during intensive attempts,severe injuries from OCR events are likely t o happen.
D.Only a first-timer professional is required to get prepared for the fundamental guide.
10.If you have to be ugly,you might as well be the best at it.
A 10-year old mixed breed dog named"Quasi Modo"was awarded first place at the World's Ugliest Dog competition in June,2015.
Quasi,whose short spine makes her like a hyena,"epitomized(代表;体现)excellence in ugliness,"Chief Judge Brian Sobel said.The dog won $1,500 for her owner.
This wasn't Quasi's first win.Last year,the spunky(生气勃勃)Florida pup won second place,losing out to small,wild-eyed dog named Peanut.
Quasi's bio(简历)says that despite the multiple birth drawback that contributes to her odd appearanc e,she is a happy dog who loves to run and play.She also works as an"ambassador for teaching people about acceptance and tolerance for things that are different",according to the bio.
Veterinarian Virginia Sayre and her husband,Mike Carroll,adopted Quasi from Palm Beach County Animal Care and Control about nine years ago.
The lovable dog"gets along well with everybody",but sometimes other people are alarmed by her appearance,Sayre told The Palm Beach Post.
"I've had grown men jump on top of a truck to get away from her.They don't know what to make of her."Sayre said.
"Though the press release initially identified Quasi as male,the dog is female."Andrian Guthrie,who worked at Palm Beach County Animal Care and Control when Quasi lived there,told the Huffington Post in an email.
Event spokeswoman Karen Spencer confirmed that the press release made an error and that the dog is female.
If you can't get enough of Quasi,you can keep up with her adventures on her Facebook page.

21.How old is Quasi when Sayre and her husband adopted her?A
A.About 1 year old  
B.About 9 years old   
C.Newly born    
D.Not mentioned
22.What's the meaning of the underlined word"initially"?C
A.mentally    
B.softly   
C.originally  
D.essentially
23.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?D
A.Quasi has won twice at the World's Ugliest Dog competition.
B.Quasi looks ugly because she was once badly hurt by a truck.
C.Sayre adopted Quasi because she knew the dog would bring her money in future.
D.The press release once reported Quasi as make but admitted the mistake later.
17.Elizabeth Freem an was born at about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired,along with her sister,by John Ashley,a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders.She became known as"Mumbet"or"Mum Bett".
For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day,Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade(铁锹).Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious,she left the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.With his help,Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.
While serving the Ashleys,Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal,then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually,Mumbet won her freedom-the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough,after the trial,the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick.Mumbet died in 1829,but her legacy(传家宝)lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois,one of the founders of the NAACP,and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.
Mumbet's tomb stone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:"She was born a slave and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own area she had no superior or equal."

32.What can we know from the first three paragraphs?B
A.Mumbet was a slaveholder.
B.She was hit by Ashley's wife.
C.Mumbet won her freedom after others.
D.Mumbet ran away from the Ashleys because she wanted to be a lawyer.
33.In the second paragraph,the underlined word"Furious"probably meansC.
A.calm       
B.outstanding
C.angry      
D.satisfied
34.From the passage,we can infer thatA.
A.Mumbet affected her younger generation in a way
B.Mumbet had only one grandchild-an important writer
C.Mumbet left the house and refused to come back
D.Mumbet founded the new Massachusetts constitution
35.What does the passage mainly talk about?B
A.The difference between men and women.
B.The life of a brave African American woman.
C.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.
D.Mumbet's struggle for fame and fortune.
7.Trapped under six stories of ruins after the Haiti earthquake leveled his hotel,Dan Woolley believed he was going to die.But rather than give in to despair,the film-maker spent 65hours beneath the earth looking up ways t treat his injuries on his iPhone.He also wrote a moving diary for his family,thinking they would only read his last message of love and comfort after his death.Instead,he was pulled from the disaster after a week-and will soon be reunited with his family.
Mr.Woolley had travelled from America to Haiti with his colleague David Hames.Both had been working for charity.He was in the entrance-hall when the earthquake struck and just had time to dive into a comer before the building fell.Buried under tons of ruins,the film-maker downloaded a first aid application to his iPhone.He used the light from the iPhone to show him his injuries and diagnosed it properly as a broken leg.Then,he used the instructions from the app to treat the serious bleeding.The app advised him not to go to sleep if he felt he was going into shock.The resourceful Mr.Woolley set his phone alarm to go off every 20minutes to keep him awake.New technology has played a huge part.
Mr.Woolley used a small black notebook to write messages to his family.He had thought his relatives would read them after he was dead."I was in a big accident.Don't be upset at God,"he wrote,"I'm still praying that God will get me out,but He may not.But He will always take care of you."
Mr.Woolley was eventually located by a French rescue team and removed to the U.S.where he was reunited with his wife.Speaking after being flown to Miami for surgery,he said,"Boy,I cried.I wanted to use that time to do everything I could for my family.If it could be just to leave some notes that would help them in life,I would do that."
He is now looking forward to seeing his family.

4.In the diary,Mr.Woolley noted his family.D
A.he was looking for ways to survive
B.his iPhone was more than useful
C.he wanted to do something for his family
D.this might be his last messages of love
5.Which of the following statements is not wrong?D
A.Woolley was confident that he would survive.
B.Woolley was making a film when the earthquake broke out.
C.Woolley is now reconvening in a Haiti hospital.
D.Woolley tried to stay conscious under the ruins.
6.What is the most important factor in Woolley's survival?B
A.His beloved family.
B.The high technology.
C.His strong will.
D.The French rescue team.
7.What is the best title for the text?C
A.A Large Earthquake Hit Haiti
B.Strong Will Saved Woolley
C.A Man Used an iPhone to Survive
D.Nothing Is More Important than Family.
14.Four Essential Tips For You To Ease Homesickness
When home is far away,the sense of ease and belonging that so many people feel can transform into painful feelings of longing,commonly known as homesickness.Along with feelings of insecurity,loss of control and nervousness,physical effects,including sleep issues,tiredness and loss of appetite,are also caused by homesickness.(31)ECheck them out below:
●Realize that feeling homesick is 100 percent normal.
Almost everyone experiences homesickness when moving to a new place-some people might just be better at hiding it. (32)DHomesickness is a normal and evolutionarily healthy reaction.
●Make connections with new people in comfortable settings.
Feeling homesick when separated from loved ones motivates people to want to be with those supportive people.(33)GWhen making new connections,it's best to stick to the style that works for you in order to ease homesickness.
●(34)B
This point is vital and also one of the hardest to accomplish.Self-compassion is loving yourself just as you love the ones you care about.The most important step in practicing self-compassion is substituting negative,critical and,sometimes,automatic thoughts about yourself with thoughts that are more supportive and kind.
●Keep tabs on your negativity.
It's also useful to ask yourself how much of your homesickness is due to an event,such as being separated from loved ones,and how much is from how you're understanding a situation. (35)F A positive outlook on a situation can do wonders for your mood,but it often can be hard to practice.You can silence negative thoughts in many ways,including reciting positive mantras(祷文),keeping a journal or even taking a walk in a park.
If you're dealing with feelings of homesickness,remember you're not alone.Even though there's no place like home,give yourself some time and care,you might find yourself falling in love with a new place.

A.Learn to help others.
B.Practice self-compassion.
C.Being homesick is unnormal.
D.Being homesick is not a sign of personal shortcoming.
E.We gathered a few psychologist-backed tips to help ease homesickness.
F.Taking a step back is recommended,instead of falling into the trap of a negative outlook.
G.But keep in mind that everyone is different when it comes to forming those new relationships.

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