题目内容

Researchers are now using 3D printing to create models of the human heart to help heart specialists. The heart doctors can use the models to better help patients before an operation.

Dr. Bramlet, a children’s heart expert at the University of Illinois College of Medicine, says the 3-D models show information he cannot get any other way.

“And so what we’ve done with the printed models? We’ve pulled it out of the screen so that you can actually hold it in your hand and evaluate the anatomy（解剖）.”

A 3-D printer uses images from a digital display to create a physical model of a human heart. Matthew Bramlet says doctors can use the model to understand the anatomy.

Pictures from medical tests like CAT scan or MRI are sent to a 3-D printer to create a heart in a plaster（石膏）form. The printer then constructs the heart, thin layer by thin layer. Dr. Bramlet says the model matches the real heart in every detail. “When we’re done with the model and made our decision, we want to be able to go back to the source image and confirm those findings, he says.

Dr. Bramlet has built model hearts for different kinds of heart operations. All of the operations were successful. In his first case, digital images showed only one tiny hole in a baby’s heart. But, the 3-D printed model showed several defects or problems that the baby was born with. Dr. Bramlet says those defects could not be seen easily in the images. The heart surgeon was able to change the type of surgery for the patient based on the 3-D model. He added that 3-D heart models saves time during heart operations.

Kathy Magliato is a heart surgeon at Saint John’s Health Center in Los Angeles. She welcomes the new technology. She says it could help her make better decisions before she operates on the hearts of her patients.

“I can then take this very complicated structure before the operation and I can hold it in my hand and plan an operation around what I’m seeing, touching and feeling. That to me is what can potentially change the game in an operation and save lives.

Dr Bramlet continues to research the technology. He is working with the National Institutes of Health to build a 3-D library that includes heart models and images that others can use.

1.Whats the main idea of the passage?

A. The application of 3-D printing in heart operations

B. The development of 3-D technology.

C. The difficulties of heart operations.

D. Heart operations with the help 3-D models.

2.What is the biggest advantage of 3-D models in the diagnose of heart problems?

A. Surgeons can see, touch and feel the 3-D models.

B. They can help surgeons save time.

C. They can be made exactly like the hearts.

D. They can help discover the otherwise hidden heart problems.

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The 3-D model can be taken out of a screen.

B. CAT scan and MRI are no longer needed.

C. The 3-D model is an exact copy of the heart.

D. Digital images are not reliable in heart operations.

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Digital images will mislead heart surgeons.

B. More patients will benefit from the 3-D technology.

C. Heart operations will never fail with 3-D models.

D. Surgeons cannot operate on hearts without 3-D models.

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Shanghai has ________ more foreign capital this year than last year.

A．brought down B．brought up

C．brought in D．brought out

They say that sticks and stones may break your bones, but words will never hurt you. Yet childhood bullying (欺凌) really can damage your long-term health. Gone are the days when bullying was considered an unavoidable and finally harmless part of growing up — just last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age.

Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and his colleagues have shown that it can have lasting physiological effects too. They tracked 1,420 nine-year-olds right through their teens. Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and asked about bullying. The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in their blood. CRP is a marker of inflammation (炎症) linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (心血管疾病) and problems like diabetes. “Because we were collecting biological samples throughout, we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement.” says Copeland. “This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about.”

Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence, levels were highest in children who reported suffering from bullies. Even at the ages of 19 and 21, children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1.4 times higher than peers who were neither wrongdoers nor victims. In a cruel twist, the bullies had the lowest levels of all, suggesting they didn’t suffer the same health risks. They may even see a benefit from their behavior, though Copeland stresses it doesn’t defend their actions. “The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else’s expense.” he says.

Andrea Danese at King’s College London has before shown that ill-treatment during childhood can lead to high levels of inflammation in adult life. “This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor.” he says. He suggests that care workers monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to reduce the stress of being bullied.

1.What do you know about CRP?

A. It relates directly to diabetes.

B. It is a sign of the inflammation.

C. It is a sign of cardiovascular disease.

D. It is a sign of physiological effects caused by bullying.

2.What does the phrase “prior to” in Para.2 mean?

A. through B. during C. after D. before

3.What can be learned from paragraph 3?

A. CRP levels naturally rise along with the increase of age.

B. The bullies are not to blame for the health risks of the bullied.

C. The levels of CRP of the children once bullied are higher than their peers.

D. Copeland intends to defend the benefit of the bullies’ actions.

4. What does Andrea Danese think about childhood ill-treatment?

A. Copeland’s study shows nothing related to it.

B. It doesn’t have much to do with inflammation in adult life.

C. The stress of being bullied is reduced through psychotherapy.

D. Psychological treatment might help solve the problem caused by ill-treatment.

5.What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Bullying is beneficial to the bullies.

B. CRP levels reflect the risks of poorer health.

C. Bullying has lasting harmful effects on a person.

D. Bullying leads to high CRP levels.

To persuade drivers to ______ checking their phones whenever they beep, New York state plans to introduce so-called Texting Zones along its major highways to make sure of the drivers’ safety.

A. allow B. resist C. admit D. insist

假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Bob在离高考近三个月时间发来邮件询问你的备考情况。请给他回一封邮件，要点如下：

1．取得的进步；

2．存在的问题；

3．目前的状态；

4．后阶段的打算（两点）。

注意：

1. 词数120词左右。

2. 开头语和结尾语已为你写好；不计入总词数。

3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

4. 文中不得出现考生真实姓名和学校名称。

Dear Bob,

I’m glad to have received your E-mail and thank you for your concern about my preparations for the coming College Entrance Examination.

Sincerely

Lihua.

Not until I successfully land my university______free time to relax myself.

A. will I have B. I will have

C. won’t I have D. I won’t have

Mary won’t keep slim ______she takes exercise every day.

A. unless B. if C. when D. or

When making small talk at holiday parties, don’t tell someone who ______ weight how amazing they look. That implies they looked terrible before.

A. has lost B. would lose

C. will be losing D. had lost

boy with glasses has bad cold today.

A．The; / B．The; a C．A; the

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