The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.

It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.

What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

1.What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A. Improving the quality.

C. Fixing the time.

B. Worsening the state.

D. Deciding the conditions.

2.The passage is developed mainly by_________.

A. showing the effect and then explaining the causes

B. giving examples

C. pointing out similarities and differences

D. describing the changes in space order

3.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

B. The eating habit of African elephants.

C. Disappearance of African elephants.

D. The effect of African elephants’ search for food.

4.What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A. They are home to many endangered animals.

B. They result from the destruction of rain forests.

C. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

D. They provide food mainly for African elephants.

Students who say they never or hardly ever use dictionaries often speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.

The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.

The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, or divide it into syllables (音节), they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check these in a dictionary.

1.The writer thinks that .

A. choose a good dictionary, and you’ll be successful in learning English

B. dictionaries are not necessary to the students who learn English

C. it is very important for students to use good dictionaries properly

D. using dictionaries very often can’t help to improve writing

2. According to the passage, which of the following is wrong?

A. Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.

B. Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.

C. Small two-language dictionaries have serious defects (缺陷).

D. Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.

3.When in the reading does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary?

A. At the beginning of the reading

B. At the end of the reading

C. During the first reading

D. After the first reading

4.This passage mainly tells us .

A. students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries

B. what were the defects of small two-language dictionaries

C. why students should use large college edition dictionaries

D. what dictionary students should choose and how to use it

Most Westerners—particularly most Americans—are not nearly as concerned about protocol (礼节) in social matters as Chinese people are. America is a nation of immigrants. It’s made up of people from all over the world, all of whom bring their own traditions and habits with them. Thus you needn’t worry much about “proper” behavior(举止):who sits next to whom at the dinner table, what is the suitable dress for the occasion, etc. , unless you receive a formal invitation to a dinner or party.

Americans are very direct people. When you want something you say “Yes” and when you don’t, you say “No”. If you want something different from what is offered, you ask for it. Westerners will not ask you again and again or try to press something on you after you have said you don’t want it. In fact, if you say “No” when you really want something to drink or to eat, you may find yourself very thirsty or hungry.

But there are a few Western customs which are very important and you should try at all times to observe.A Westerner doesn’t leave his paper or cloth on the table. He puts it on his lap where it’s supposed to protect his clothes from spilled food or uses it to wipe his hand or mouth when necessary.

A Westerner doesn’t put his own fork, knife or spoon into a serving bowl. He uses it in the bowl to put some of the food on his own plate, and then returns the serving fork(knife or spoon) to the bowl.

A Westerner doesn’t spit food anywhere. If he has bones in his mouth, he takes them out with his fingers and places them on the edge of his plate, never on the table or floor.

A Westerner doesn’t belch(打嗝) out loud. If he does, he says “Excuse me” quietly and goes on with the conversation.

1.People in America __________.

A. come from different countries in the world

B. mainly come from Europe

C. mainly come from Asia

D. come from China

2.If you are hungry, and you still say you don’t want to eat, then __________.

A. a Westerner will ask you again and again

B. you will be forced to eat

C. you will feel glad and happy

D. you will surely find yourself hungry still

3.According to the passage, Westerners __________.

A. care what they wear very much

B. care who offers the first toast at dinner

C. do the same things as Chinese do

D. don’t care what you wear, who sits next to whom

Bottled water has become the choice for people who are healthy and thirsty. Bottled water is all over the world. But some say the planet’s health, and people’s health may be suffering from it.

The idea that bottled water is safer for humans may not be true. The Natural Resources Defense Council of America said, “There is no promise that because water comes out of a bottle, it is cleaner or safer than water from the tap.” Another New York City-based action group added that some bottled water is “really just tap water in a bottle—sometimes more clean, sometimes not.”

It is not proven that bottled water is better than tap water. Nick Reeves from the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management said, “The high mineral content(含量) of some bottled water makes them not good for feeding babies and young children.” Also, most bottled water doesn’t have fluoride(氟化物), which can make teeth stronger. Kids are drinking more bottled water and less fluoridated tap water, and some say that’s behind the recent rise in bad teeth.

Storing is another problem. Placed near heat, the plastic bottles can produce bad chemicals(化学物质) into the water.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, some 2.7 million tons of plastic are used worldwide to bottle water each year. The plastic can take between 400 and 1,000 years to break down.

In terms of energy use, plastic bottles are also not cheap. One report said that if water and soft drink bottlers had used 10 percent recycled materials in their plastic bottles, they would have saved about 72 million gallons of gas.

So, if you are worried about the effect of bottled water on the Earth, you can take the following steps.

●Drink from your tap. Unless your government warns against this, it should be fine.

●Get a container(容器). Carry your tap water in a steel or a lined drinking container, and clean it between uses.

●Keep it cool. Don’t drink from a bottle that has been sitting in the sun, don’t store it near chemicals, and don’t reuse plastic bottles.

●Choose glass containers over plastic if possible. When finished, recycle!

1.What is the main idea of the article?

A. Drinking tap water is the only choice for people.

B. Glass containers are better than plastic bottles.

C. Plastic bottles are harmful to the environment.

D. Bottled water may not be as good as we think.

2.What can we learn about plastic bottles from the article?

A. They break down in less than 300 years.

B. They can be used for many other things.

C. They are a risk to the environment.

D. They are cheap to make.

3.According to the article, we can know that bottled water is ______.

A. no problem for the environment

B. more expensive than tap water

C. always safer than tap water

D. better for babies

4.Which of the following about tap water is NOT mentioned in the article?

A. There are a lot of problems storing tap water.

B. Bottled water can be just tap water in a bottle.

C. It may be better for your teeth.

D. It may contain fluoride.

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇120词左右的英语短文。

For long, there was a little boy with a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he would hammer a nail in the back fence.

The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence. Then it gradually dwindled(逐渐减少) down. He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence. Finally the day came when the boy didn't lose his temper at all.

He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day when he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone. The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one. You can put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won't matter how many times you say I'm sorry, the wound is still there. A verbal (言语的) wound is as bad as a physical one. Friends are a very rare jewel, indeed. They make you smile and encourage you to succeed. They lend an ear, they share a word of praise, and they always want to open their hearts to us. Show your friends how much you care.”

【写作内容】

(1)用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

(2)用约90个词发表你的看法,内容包括:

①愤怒的负面影响;

②通过你或你身边的例子说明愤怒的负面影响;

③在你愤怒的时候你将怎么控制自己的情绪。

【写作要求】

(1)写作时,可以参考阅读材料,但不得直接引用原文;

(2)作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;

(3)不必写标题

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完形填空

阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members, , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs(耳塞)or blindfolds(眼罩).

Just sitting in the wheelchair was a experience. I had never considered before how it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not . Then I wondered where to put my . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary(临时的) .

I tried to find a position and thought it might be restful, kind of nice, to be around for a while. Looking around, I I would have to handle the thing myself? My hands started to ache as I the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) task.

My wheelchair experiment was soon . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.

1.A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with

2.A. cure B. prevent C. adopt D. analyze

3.A. instead B. strangely C.as usual D. like me

4.A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing

5.A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting

6.A. height B. force C. skill D. weight

7.A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped

8.A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles

9.A. place B. action C. play D. effect

10.A. operation B. communication C. transportation D. production

11.A. exploration B. education C. experiment D. entertainment

12.A. flexible B. safe C. starting D. comfortable

13.A. yet B. just C. still D. even

14.A. shown B. pushed C. driven D. guided

15.A. realized B. suggested C. agreed D. admitted

16.A. lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized

17.A. path B. position C. direction D. way

18.A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra

19.A. forgotten B. repeated C. conducted D. finished

20.A. weaknesses B. challenges C. anxieties D. illnesses

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