China understands the situation and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them technology and finance.A. in terms ofB. in spite ofC. 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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China understands the situation and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them ______ technology and finance.

A. in terms ofB. in spite of

C. owingD. regardless of

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People living in the country enjoy several advantages that people living in the city cannot enjoy. They are in close contact with nature. They make friends with trees and stones. They can own dogs. They breathe fresh air. They fight with strong winds. They listen to the songs of birds.

This contact with nature is good for health. There are many diseases that are common in the city. but are not to be found in the country. For example, near-sightedness is almost unknown to country people.

Because of the absence of cars, one can walk more freely in the country than in the city. There are no rules of the road, nor traffic signs to obey.

People living in the country can easily get fresh vegetables, fresh fruit and fresh milk. And they get them at lower prices than in the city.

Country life is economical in other ways, too. There are practically no temptations（诱惑）to waste money.

Country people are mostly honest. They say what they mean, and make and keep promises with sincerity（诚意）. They do not put on air. They do not pretend to have those ridiculous（荒谬的）manners which are necessary in what we call polite society.

1.What can’t country people often enjoy?

A. Musical concerts. B. Fresh air.

C. Song of birds. D. Close contact with nature.

2.What is probably more expensive in country than in the city?

A．Vegetables. B．Beer. C．Milk. D．Fruit.

3.What is NOT true of country life?

A．The traffic accident rate is very high in the country.

B．Living in the country saves one a lot of money.

C．Country people enjoy better health than the city people.

D．Country people are honest.

________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the cinema often.

A．If it is notB．Were it not

C．Had it not beenD．If they were not

More than four decades ago British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab. Since that ground-breaking moment, more than four million babies have been born through IVF and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine.

The prize for Dr. Edwards, who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008, includes a £900,000 check. The Nobel Assembly described IVF as a “milestone in modern medicine”.

With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, the Manchester-born physiologist developed IVF — leading to the birth of the world’s first test tube baby. Dr. Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility treatment and given hope to millions of couples.

It was a scientific breakthrough that transformed the lives of millions of couples. They said: “His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes human unable to have a baby. This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.”

Louise Brown, the world’s first test tube baby, made international headlines when she was born in Oldham, Gtr Manchester, in 1978 to parents Lesley and John who had been fruitlessly trying for a baby since 1969.

Ivf-in-vitro fertilization is the process whereby egg cells are fertilized outside the body before being implanted in the womb. After a cycle of IVF, the probability of a couple with infertility problems having a baby is one in five—the same as healthy couples who conceive naturally.

Professor Edwards, who has five daughters and 11 grandchildren, began his research at Cambridge University in 1963, after receiving his PhD in 1955. He once said: “The most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child.” With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, Prof. Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridge shire, which now treats more than 900 women a year. Each year, more than 30,000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11,000 babies are born as a result of the treatment.

But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was “unethical and immoral”.

Martin Johnson, professor of reproductive sciences at the University of Cambridge, said the award was “long overdue”. He said: “We couldn’t understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted — this is the cherry on the cake for him.”

Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was “thrilled and delighted”.

1.What is Robert Edwards’ contribution to science?

A. Enabling millions of couples to live a better life.

B. Helping couples with infertility to have tube babies.

C. Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing

D. Challenging a disease which stops human having a baby.

2.Why did Professor Edwards begin his research on tube baby?

A. Because a special child did make a difference to an ordinary family.

B. Because the birthrate around the world was unexpectedly low then.

C. Because he thought it of great significance to have a child in life.

D. Because his fellow scientist wanted to give hope to the unlucky couples.

3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 8 and Paragraph 9 that ________.

A. Professor Edwards deserved the prize for his breakthrough

B. different opinions were voiced on Professor Edwards’ finding

C. some people envied Professor Edwards for his being awarded

D. the prize was late because the finding was first considered immoral

4.What might be the best title for the passage?

A. Life Stories of Robert Edwards

B. Preparations for Having a Baby

C. Nobel Prize for IVF Expert Edwards

D. Treatment of Infertility in a Lab

Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression(沮丧) through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.

Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can reduce someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.

We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available — because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.

The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected（怀疑） that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant（抵抗的）. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.

The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.

1.The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know ________.

A. if exercise cushions against depression

B. what can lead to depression in animals and people

C. if stress can contribute to the development of depression

D. how exercise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression

2.We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ________.

A. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zone

B. they stop searching for the sugar water

C. they stand still in place

D. they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer

3.Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ________.

A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depression

B. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging

C. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging

D. confirm the findings above are also relevant to people

4.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

A. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depression

B. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary people

C. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to reduce depression

D. in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exercise could help reduce depression

It’s nearly four years since I worked in that farm. I ________ a band with other fellows.

A. operatedB. had been operating

C. was operatingD. am operating

Tu Youyou was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2015 due to her ________ to discovering a new drug to treat parasitic diseases.

A. conservationB. expectationC. commitmentD. appreciation

Some of the members demanded to know why they had been kept ________ the true facts until they reached the present critical stage.

A. in ignorance ofB. in the light of

C. in honor ofD. in view of

It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. The desire to be popular can force you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles.

I was forced to think about popularity not too long ago in a talk I had with my daughter. Margy had to change schools when my busy work schedule made it necessary for me to move houses. I suppose that, for a girl in her teens, entering a new school is like spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. At least that’s how Margy found it at first. However, as the school year drew to a close, one student after another came to her. I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been an instant social success in her new school. Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so, you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air.

Some teenagers claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.

I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave. Our way of life makes a young nonconformist stand out like a Martian. These days there’s a great barrier for the young person who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. Well, go to it. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really counts.

1.Why was the author worried about his daughter’s popularity in her new school?

A.She might find no true friends.

B.She would ignore her academic performance.

C.She had no idea of her own.

D.She might betray her true self.

2.What does the author think of most teenagers?

A.They’re afraid of getting lost in life.

B.They have difficulty understanding each other.

C.They lack the courage to be truly different.

D.They find it hard to gain popularity as expected.

3.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word "nonconformist" in Paragraph 4?

A.Someone who cares about others’ opinion.

B.Someone who desires popularity greatly.

C.Someone who behaves in his own way.

D.Someone who wants to please others.

4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A.To persuade readers to pursue valuable popularity.

B.To tell parents how to guide their children.

C.To criticize the present values and beliefs.

D.To suggest a good way to be popular.

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