题目内容
When we meet another person for the first time, we are actually flooded with new information. Almost at once, we notice his appearance, style of dress, and manner of speech. Furthermore （besides）, as we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does, we begin to form some ideas of what kind of person he is and what he intends to do. As you know from your own experience, though, we do not only gather these separate pieces of information. Instead, we go further and combine them into a unified （统一的） picture. In short, we form an overall impression of each person we meet—an impression that can be favorable （making people like） or unfavorable. But how precisely （exactly） do we perform this task? How do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such quick speed? A great deal of research has been performed on this question, and results point to the following answer: we perform this task through a special type of averaging （平均）.
Expressed very simply, our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all information that can be gathered about them. That is, they reflect a process in which all information we have about others is averaged together—but with some facts, or input （输入） receiving greater weight than others. As you can readily see, this makes good sense. For example, in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be affected to a much greater degree by how this person gives you orders （whether respectfully or not） than by the color of his or her eyes. The fact that not all information about other persons affects our impressions of them to the same degree, raises an important question. Just what kinds of input receive the greatest weight? Again research provides some revealing （发人深思的） answers.
1．This passage is mainly about _________.
A．how our first impressions are expressed B．how our first impressions are formed
C．how we can favorably impress others D．how first impressions affect our lives
2．According to the passage, the first impression is _________.
A．the result of quick look B．not based on enough information
C．a combination of pieces of information D．the observation of what a person does
3．Research has shown that first impressions are generally more affected by _________.
A．the way others speak B．appearance and style of dress
C．all information we have D．certain types of information at hand
4．The passage tells us _________.
A．ways of making good first impressions
B．what kinds of input receive the greatest weight are not clear now.
C．when we meet other persons for the first time we form an overall impression of them almost at once.
D．The first impression that we form of other persons are always favorable.
BCDB
A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves— the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”
Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.
Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.
1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that _________.
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A．words have a lasting effect on us |
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B．inspiring words give us confidence |
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C．negative words may let us down |
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D．not sticks and stones but words will hurt us |
2.There is no need for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _________.
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A．almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves |
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B．talking to ourselves always gives us courage |
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C．we can benefit from talking to ourselves |
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D．it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone |
3.The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely ________.
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A．remind ourselves |
B．praise ourselves |
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C．make ourselves relaxed |
D．give ourselves amusement |
4.The author would probably hold the view that _________.
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A．encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers |
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B．negative words may motivate us to make more progress |
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C．people tend to remember friendly words |
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D．it is better to think twice before talking to others |
5.In which column of the newspaper can you most likely read this passage?
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A．News. |
B．Advice column. |
C．Health. |
D．Language. |
RESOURCES BELONG TO THE SOCIETY
When I arrived in Hamburg Germany, my colleague who worked there arranged a welcome party for me in a 36 . We noticed a few customers including several old ladies, were having their meal. When a dish is 37 , the waiter would distribute the food for them, and they would 38 every bit of the food on their plates.
As I was hungry, my local colleague 39 much food for me. Since there were other things to do, we did not 40 much time dining. When we planned to leave, there was still about one third of 41 food left. When we were leaving the restaurant, we 42 someone calling us. When the old ladies spoke to us in English, we understood that they were 43 about us wasting so much food.
“We 44 for our food; it is none of your 45 how much food we left behind”, my colleague told the old ladies. They got angry, and one of them 46 made a call to someone. After a while, an officer in 47 arrived. Upon knowing what had happened, he issued us a 50-euro 48 . The officer told us in a stern（严厉的）voice: “order 49 you can consume. Money is yours, 50 the resources belong to the society. You have no 51 for wasting them.” Our face turned red. We all agreed with him in our 52 . My colleague took out a 50-euro note and repeatedly 53 to the officer.
My colleague copied the fine ticket and gave a copy to each of us as a souvenir. We all 54 it to remind us that we should never be 55 .
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The other day, I happened to meet someone I hadn’t seen for many years. I couldn’t believe the change in him. In fact, he didn’t even seem like the 36 person.
When I first knew Bill , back in 37 , he was one of the most carefree（无忧无虑）people I had ever 38 . He was always ready to have a party. He thought 39 of going out for beer at three o’clock in the morning or driving 15 miles to see an old 40 he really liked. Bill and I were in the same class in college, and 41 was never dull when he was 42 . With him there was one wild 43 after another. Sometimes I wonder how we 44 to study for our exams.
Last week I was in Houston on business and I ran into Bill in the bar at the hotel. 45 , I wasn’t even sure it was 46 . Was this short-haired businessman really the same person? I wasn’t really sure until I came near him but it indeed was Bill. Now he works for a bank. He 47 most of the evening about his job, his new car and his house. How he had changed! Back when we were in college, the 48 thing Bill cared about were possessions(财富). Now they seemed to be his main 49 . Although I have changed quite a bit myself, somehow I never 50 Bill changing so much. My image of him 51 the one I had formed 52 the time when we were college students together.
I suppose it’s 53 to expect people to remain the same, especially 54 I have changed so much myself. But I must say that I enjoyed the old Bill much more than the new Bill. Maybe he 55 the same way about me.
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