题目内容

Archimedes was a famous Greek mathematician and scientist. He was born around 287 B. C. and he died in 212 B. C.

Archimedes was most known for one specific idea that he came up with. “Archimedes’s Principle（定律）”states that a solid object which is immersed in a liquid is pushed up by a force which is equal to the weight of the water that the object moves. For example, if you put a piece of wood and a piece of gold of the same size in water, only the wood will float. Both the wood and gold move the same amount of water, but the wood weighs less than the water, while the gold weighs more.

It is believed the Archimedes discovered this principle when the king of Syracuse asked him to solve a problem. The king wanted to know whether his crown（王冠）was pure gold or a mixture of gold and silver. The king, of course, didn’t want to melt his crown to find out. The idea came to Archimedes as he lowered himself into his bath. He noticed how the water spilled out of his tub. He decided to use the same idea for the crown. He knew that a gold crown immersed in water would weigh more than one made of silver. The experiment was done and the goldsmith（金匠）was found guilty（有罪的）of trying to cheat the king.

1. A good title for this section is__________.

A. Archimedes　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. Archimedes Principle

C. A Gold and Silver Crown　　　　 　　　　　　   D. The King of Syracuse

2. The word “immersed” in the second paragraph means__________.

A. raised　　  　　　　    B. lifted　　  　　　　　　  C. underwater　　      D. rose

3. From this section we may conclude（推断）that the king's crown__________.

A. moved more water than pure gold of the same weight

B. moved less water than pure gold of the same weight

C. moved more water than pure gold of the same size

D. moved less water than pure gold of the same size

4. The following sentences tell what happened many years ago. Which is the right order of the events（事件）?

a. Archimedes took a bath.

b. Archimedes discovered his principle.

c. The king of Syracuse asked him to solve a problem.

d. Archimedes did the experiment on the crown.

A. b c a d　　  　　　　   B. c a b d　　  　　　　   C. c a d b　　  　　　　   D. b c d a

 

答案：B;C;A;C
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  Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Few places have as much ancient history and modern knowledge to offer to students as Egypt. In addition to being the site of many of the world’s greatest wonders, Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions. Al-Azhar University is one of the oldest Islamic institutions for higher studies. The head of Al-Azhar is traditionally regarded as the ruler of Sunni Muslims all over the world.

Al-Azhar University had long been known as the most archaic university in the world until 2004, when archaeologists unearthed the site of what was believed to be the first ever ivory tower in the world in the northern seaside city of Alexandria.

What the archaeological team found were 13 lecture halls that could accommodate up to 5,000 students each. These lecture halls are believed to be the University of Alexandria, home of famous Greek scholars like Archimedes and Euclid during the ancient city’s golden era.

This discovery shows that Egypt was a centre for education and learning in the early world civilizations. Its tradition of scholarship was evident even from the Pharaonic Age（法老时代）, which boasted engineering wonders such as the pyramids as well as the scientific wonder of mummies, all of which still exist tod ay.

During the Islamic Age, Egypt became the regional academic centre for Islamic study and Arabic language and literature. Her popularity with scholars from all over the world grew with the establishment of Al-Azhar University in Cairo, in 975.

Today, it remains a popular destination for international scholars, especially those from the Arab world, Africa, Asia and Europe, but like most modern Egyptian universities, Al-Azhar has been equipped with the latest technologies to cope with new demands from the modern world, and is an ideal place for students from all over the world.

Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “ archaic” .(one word)

Why has Al-Azhar been equipped with the latest technologies?(no more than 9 word)

What is the passage mainly about ?(no more than 6 word)

What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?(no more than 9 word)

If you live in America in the 21st century you'll probably have to listen to a lot of people tell you how busy they are. It's become the default response when you ask anyone how they are doing:"Busy!""Crazy busy!".It is,pretty obviously,a boast disguised as a complaint. And the common response is a kind of congratulation:"That's a good problem to have,"or"Better than the opposite."
Notice it isn't generally people pulling back-to-back shifts in the ICU or commuting by bus to three minimum-wage jobs who tell you how busy they are.What those people are is not busy but tired.Exhausted!Dead on their feet.It's almost always people whose busyness is purely self-imposed:work and obligations they've taken on voluntarily,classes and activities they've "encouraged" their kids to participate in.They're busy because of their own ambition or drive or anxiety,because they're addicted to busyness and dread that they might have to face in its absence.
Almost everyone I know is busy. They feel anxious and guilty when they aren't either working or doing something to promote their work.It's something they have chosen.Busyness serves as a kind of existential reassurance(令人安心的保证），a measure against emptiness,obviously your life cannot possibly be silly or tiny or meaningless if you are so busy,completely booked,in demand every hour of the day.
Idleness is not just a vacation.It is as necessary to the brain as vitamin D is to the body,and deprived of it we suffer a mental affliction as ugly as rickets.The space and quiet that idleness provides is a necessary condition for standing back from life and seeing it whole,for making unexpected connections and waiting for the wild summer lightning strikes of inspiration."Idle dreaming is often the essence of what we do,"wrote Thomas Pynchon.Archimedes' "Eureka"in the bath, Newton's apple :history is full of stories of inspirations that come in idle moments.
【小题1】When many Americans say"Crazy busy", they mean______.

A．they are really tired of their present situation
B．they are really proud of their present life
C．they are complaining about their current work
D．their life are full of all kinds of problems
【小题2】The writer mentions Archimedes' "Eureka"and Newton's apple to show that________.
A．history is full of interesting stories
B．Archimedes and Newton were very busy, so they made great discoveries
C．people may get inspiration when they are idle
D．inspirations come from hard work
【小题3】The word "its" in the second paragraph refers to_______________________________.
A．ambitionB．anxietyC．busynessD．dread
【小题4】From the article,we can infer that ___________________________________.
A．generally people pulling back-to-back shifts in the ICU tell you they are busy
B．"Dead on their feet" means "being tired out"
C．all the kids are self-imposed due to the drive and motivation
D．The author seems to agree that idleness is better than busyness

If you live in America in the 21st century you'll probably have to listen to a lot of people tell you how busy they are. It's become the default response when you ask anyone how they are doing: “Busy!” “Crazy busy!”. It is, pretty obviously, a boast disguised as a complaint. And the common response is a kind of congratulation:“ That's a good problem to have, ”or“ Better than the opposite.”

    Notice it isn't generally people pulling back-to-back shifts in the ICU or commuting by bus to three minimum-wage jobs who tell you how busy they are. What those people are is not busy but tired. Exhausted! Dead on their feet. It's almost always people whose busyness is purely self-imposed work and obligations they've taken on voluntarily, classes and activities they've “encouraged” their kids to participate in. They're busy because of their own ambition or drive or anxiety, because they're addicted to busyness and dread that they might have to face in its absence.

    Almost everyone I know is busy. They feel anxious and guilty when they aren't either working or doing something to promote their work. It's something they have chosen. Busyness serves as a kind of existential reassurance(令人安心的保证），a measure against emptiness, obviously your life cannot possibly be silly or tiny or meaningless if you are so busy, completely booked, in demand every hour of the day.

Idleness is not just a vacation. It is as necessary to the brain as vitamin D is to the body, and deprived of it we suffer a mental affliction as ugly as rickets. The space and quiet that idleness provides is a necessary condition for standing back from life and seeing it whole, for making unexpected connections and waiting for the wild summer lightning strikes of inspiration.” Idle dreaming is often the essence of what we do”, wrote Thomas Pynchon. Archimedes' “Eureka” in the bath, Newton's apple :history is full of stories of inspirations that come in idle moments.

1.When many Americans say “Crazy busy”, they mean______.

A. they are really tired of their present situation

B. they are really proud of their present life

C. they are complaining about their current work

D. their life are full of all kinds of problems

2.The writer mentions Archimedes'“Eureka” and Newton's apple to show that________.

A. history is full of interesting stories

B. Archimedes and Newton were very busy, so they made great discoveries

C. people may get inspiration when they are idle

D. inspirations come from hard work

3.The word “its” in the second paragraph refers to_________________.

 ambition       B. anxiety                 C. busyness                      D. dread

4.From the article, we can infer that ___________________.

A. generally people pulling back-to-back shifts in the ICU tell you they are busy

B. “Dead on their feet” means “being tired out”

C. all the kids are self-imposed due to the drive and motivation

D. The author seems to agree that idleness is better than busyness

 

If you live in America in the 21st century you'll probably have to listen to a lot of people tell you how busy they are. It's become the default response when you ask anyone how they are doing:"Busy!""Crazy busy!".It is,pretty obviously,a boast disguised as a complaint. And the common response is a kind of congratulation:"That's a good problem to have,"or"Better than the opposite."

Notice it isn't generally people pulling back-to-back shifts in the ICU or commuting by bus to three minimum-wage jobs who tell you how busy they are.What those people are is not busy but tired.Exhausted!Dead on their feet.It's almost always people whose busyness is purely self-imposed:work and obligations they've taken on voluntarily,classes and activities they've "encouraged" their kids to participate in.They're busy because of their own ambition or drive or anxiety,because they're addicted to busyness and dread that they might have to face in its absence.

Almost everyone I know is busy. They feel anxious and guilty when they aren't either working or doing something to promote their work.It's something they have chosen.Busyness serves as a kind of existential reassurance(令人安心的保证），a measure against emptiness,obviously your life cannot possibly be silly or tiny or meaningless if you are so busy,completely booked,in demand every hour of the day.

Idleness is not just a vacation.It is as necessary to the brain as vitamin D is to the body,and deprived of it we suffer a mental affliction as ugly as rickets.The space and quiet that idleness provides is a necessary condition for standing back from life and seeing it whole,for making unexpected connections and waiting for the wild summer lightning strikes of inspiration."Idle dreaming is often the essence of what we do,"wrote Thomas Pynchon.Archimedes' "Eureka"in the bath, Newton's apple :history is full of stories of inspirations that come in idle moments.

1.When many Americans say"Crazy busy", they mean______.

A．they are really tired of their present situation

B．they are really proud of their present life

C．they are complaining about their current work

D．their life are full of all kinds of problems

2.The writer mentions Archimedes' "Eureka"and Newton's apple to show that________.

A．history is full of interesting stories

B．Archimedes and Newton were very busy, so they made great discoveries

C．people may get inspiration when they are idle

D．inspirations come from hard work

3.The word "its" in the second paragraph refers to_______________________________.

A．ambition          B．anxiety           C．busyness          D．dread

4.From the article,we can infer that ___________________________________.

A．generally people pulling back-to-back shifts in the ICU tell you they are busy

B．"Dead on their feet" means "being tired out"

C．all the kids are self-imposed due to the drive and motivation

D．The author seems to agree that idleness is better than busyness

 

第二节  完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

       阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

     In about 250 BC, the Greek scientist Archimedes was asked by King Hieron to

find out if his crown was__21__ gold . Archimedes thought and thought about the problem

Suddenly the answer__22__ to him when he was having a bath .

As he got into the bath .Archimedes __23__ that if he immersed (浸入)the king’s crown in a vessel __24__ to the brim (边缘) with water, it would cause some water to __25__ .If he then immersed a piece of pure gold of the same __26__ as this crown, the same amount of water would overflow if the crown was pure gold . __27__ this way , Archimedes found that the crown __28__ pure gold.

           He is believed to have rushed naked (赤裸) from his bath into the __29__shouting , “ Eureka ! ” , __30__means, “ I’ve found it !” Archimedes made many important scientific discoveries, __31__pulleys (滑轮) ,and he first explained__32__things float.

          A __33__-word code was sent from Kissinger (基辛格) to Nixon（尼克松）, “ Eureka” , meaning that the trip had been __34__.After returning from Beijing ,Kissinger and his assistant wrote a __35__ to Nixon, “We have the __36__work for you and Mao to turn a page in __37__.” On July 15 Nixon informed stunned (震惊的) television viewers of Kissinger’s __38__ trip and his own plan to visit China some time before May 1972. In October 1971, Kissinger returned to __39__, with a team of “ advance men”, to __40__ for Nixon’s own visit.

   21 A special           B true            C simple          D pure 

   22 A hit              B came           C passed          D belonged

   23 A realized          B said            C remarked        D knew 

   24 A filled            B full             C exact           D perfect

   25 A freeze           B overflow         C fall             D lose 

   26 A weight           B size             C length          D shape

   27 A On              B In              C By             D At

   28 A was not          B was hardly        C was nearly      D was almost

   29 A bathroom         B waiting-room     C bedroom        D street

   30 A when            B what             C that            D which

   31 A regarding         B supposing        C including       D considering

   32 A how             B where            C why           D when

   33 A one              B double           C three           D four

   34 A successful         B necessary         C secret         D public

   35 A letter             B report            C note           D notice

   36 A result            B ground            C full            D terrible

   37 A world            B country         C history         D century

   38 A secret            B tiring           C helpful         D dangerous

   39 A China            B U.S            C his hometown   D Greece

   40 A prepare           B wait            C send          D look

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