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Next autumn when you see wild geese heading south for the winter flying in a V formation, you might think about what scientists have discovered as to why they fly that way.

As each bird flaps its wings, it creates uplift(ÌáÉý) for the bird immediately following. By flying in a V formation the whole group adds at least 71% greater flying range than if each bird flies on its own.

People who share a common direction and sense of community can get where they are going more quickly and easily because they are traveling on the push of one another.

When a wild goose falls out of the formation£¬it suddenly feels the drag and resistance of trying to go alone and quickly tries to get back into the formation to take advantage of the lifting power of the bird in front. When the head goose gets tired£¬it flies back into the formation and another goose flies to the front. It is wise to take turns doing difficult jobs whether it is people or wild geese flying south.

Wild geese honk (·¢³öÑã½ÐÉù) from behind to inspire those up front to keep up their speed. What can we learn from this?

When a wild goose gets sick or wounded by gunshots£¬and falls out of the formation£¬two other geese will fall out with that goose and follow it down to lend help and protection. They will stay with the fallen goose until it is able to fly or until it dies£¬and only then will they go on with their own or with another formation to catch up with their group.

1.Wild geese fly in a V formation in order to________.

A. protect themselves from danger

B. fly more quickly and easily

C. help the sick and wounded

D. fly much higher in the sky

2.What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?

A. We should try to lead others to move forward.

B. We should give people facing difficulties encouragement.

C. We should believe in those who offer us help.

D. We should care more about the old and sick.

3.When a wild goose becomes sick or is wounded£¬________.

A. it will be left alone and will fall on the ground

B. the whole group will stop flying

C. two other geese will stay with it to offer help

D. other geese will honk to give it encouragement

4.What do we know from the passage?

A. A wild goose can help the one following it by flapping its wings.

B. A person who works alone can work better than one who doesn¡¯t.

C. It is not good for wild geese to take turns being the head goose.

D. The wild geese that fall behind are unlikely to catch up with their group.

In 1975, George Carlin appeared on a popular TV show, Saturday Night Live, with his famous words about blue food. ¡°Why is there no blue food? I can¡¯t find blue food¡ªI can¡¯t find the flavor of blue! I mean yellow is lemon; orange is orange and red is cherry. Where is the blue food? ¡±

Well, Carlin pretty much has it right¡ªthere¡¯s not no blue food, but there¡¯s certainly not a lot of it. Fresh-picked blueberries are blue, though they become purple when they are turned into jam. The blue in blueberries¡ªlike the purple in grapes and the red in tomatoes¡ªis found in nature. But it isn¡¯t a hot color for food. People don¡¯t seem to prefer blue food. Some diet programs even suggest that those determined to lose weight should make their food blue.

Eating, in part, begins with our eyes. Charles Spence¡ªan experimental psychologist from Oxford University¡ªpoints out that color can change our taste experience. Commonly, we consider red-colored foods up to 20% sweeter than they actually are; and green foods as being more sour. Spence suggests: human expectations may be influenced by our long history of watching - green fruits can become sweet as they grow up and turn red.

But what about blue? Except blueberries, much of the blue food we see these days is dyed blue artificially. Food producers argue that artificial color doesn¡¯t do much harm to health. A lot of research shows that some physical problems of kids are related to food dyes¡ªwhile other studies show no effects at all. Blue birthday cake or even blue-dyed chicken can be served on the dinner table. So what?

1. George Carlin¡¯s words are placed at the beginning of the passage to _______.

A. show the author¡¯s opinion

B. introduce a TV show

C. tell a famous person

D. lead in the topic

2.. Which of the following statements of blue is true?

A. Blueberries are always blue, whether fresh or not.

B. The blue in blueberries is found unnatural.

C. Blue is not a very popular color for foods.

D. People often feel cold when they eat blueberries.

3.Eating sometimes begins with our eyes because _______.

A. our taste experience can be influenced by color

B. red-colored food are 20% sweeter than green food

C. people prefer red-colored food to green food

D. before eating, people watch food for a long time

4.The underlined words ¡°is dyed¡± in Para. 4 are closest in meaning to ¡°_______¡±.

A. is eaten up B. has grown up

C. is changed in color D. is harmful to

People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn.

Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

Different cultures and individuals will find different languages more difficult. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers may find it easier, struggling with languages that the British find relatively hard.

No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that one language that is the most difficult language in the world.

1.Who might find Portuguese an easier language to learn?

A. The Chinese. B. Russians.

C. Spanish people. D. The Japanese.

2.Why do Japanese speakers find the Chinese less difficult to learn?

A. They use Chinese characters.

B. Japan is the neighbor of China.

C. Chinese is their second language.

D. Many Japanese are learning Chinese.

3.Which is the most difficult of Hungarian for British learners?

A. Writing. B. Pronunciation.

C. Grammar. D. Alphabet.

4.What might be the author¡¯s opinion?

A. Chinese is the hardest language.

B. Native language is always easy to learn.

C. No languages are difficult to learn well.

It is reported that although our genes and environment play an important role, how happy we are largely depends on our choices and activities. The following are just several areas that tend to make a big difference to people¡¯s happiness.

Take a positive attitude

Positive emotions¨Dlike joy, gratitude, satisfaction, inspiration and pride¨D don¡¯t just feel good when we experience them. 1. So although we need to be realistic about life¡¯s ups and downs, it helps to focus on the good aspects of any situation¨Dthe glass half full rather than the glass half empty.

Accept who you are and what you are

2. Learning to accept ourselves and being kinder to ourselves when things go wrong will increase our enjoyment of life. It also helps us accept others as they are. Ask a trusted friend or colleague to tell you what they think your real strengths are. 3.

4.

Caring about others is fundamental to our happiness. Helping other people is not only good for them; it¡¯s good for us too. It makes us happier and can help to improve our health. Giving also creates stronger connections between people and helps to build a happier society.

Take part in something bigger

People who have meaning and purpose in their lives are happier. They also experience less stress, anxiety and depression. 5. It might come from doing a job that makes a difference, or spiritual beliefs, or our family. The answers may be different for each of us but they all involve being connected to something bigger than ourselves.

A. Our broader social networks bring a sense of belonging.

B. Nobody is perfect.

C. Give them a call or offer your support.

D. Try to make more use of these.

E. They also help us perform better, and improve our physical health.

F. But where do we find meaning and purpose?

G. Do things for others.

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