It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious to the listeners, why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say, they hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.

Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech—“I have a dream”, you may notice that he stumbles over his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making. People care a lot about making mistakes in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication. They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance. They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.

As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.

1. The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will _________.

A. be smarter than you

B. do better than you

C. notice your mistakes

D. know what you are talking about

2.You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because _________.

A. you find the way of speech-making more important

B. you don’t fully understand the speech

C. you don’t know what the speaker plans to say

D. you attention is on the content

3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

A. one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad

B. giving a speech is like giving a performance

C. the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made

D. the more mistake a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker

B. How to Make a Perfect Speech

C. Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech

D. Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech

A dog can’t speak words, but it can “talk”. It has feelings just as you do. At times it may feel angry or afraid. Watch a dog closely. You can see what it is trying to tell you. When you are afraid, you may look down shyly. A fearful dog looks away from you. It may run away too. When you are angry with people, you stare at them and press your lips together. An angry dog also stares. Sometimes the hair along its back stands up.

Do you feel guilty when you have done something you shouldn’t? Dogs can feel guilty, too. At times when I come home, my dog gives me a guilty look. Then I know he’s done something wrong.

Dogs need love and attention. Some dogs are very unhappy when they are left alone for a long time. Some dogs even snap(撕咬) if they don’t get enough attention.

You may have a dog or you may know a dog. Treat it well if you want to have fun with it. Play with it. Take it for a walk. Don’t order it round too much. Try not to punish it one time and not the next for doing the same thing. Always remember, a dog has needs and feelings just as you do. Talk to a dog, it’ll talk to you, too.

1.If a dog snaps at things, it is because it may ______.

A. feel lonely B. feel shy

C. be fearful D. be disappointed

2.You can tell that a dog has done something bad when _________.

A. its hair stands up

B. it runs away from you

C. it has a guilty expression

D. its lips are pressed together

3.Which of the following things does the writer advise you to do towards your dog?

A. Never punish the dog

B. Never leave the dog alone

C. Train the dog to take orders from you

D. Train it the way you want to be treated.

4.The underlined word “guilty” in the second paragraph most probably means _______.

A. happy B. sorry

C. frightened D. excited

New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more bicyclers on those hot blue City Bikes.But what about local bike shops? Is City Bike rolling up riders at their expense? At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca,manager W.Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to the bike-share program.“It’s getting more people on the road,”he said.James Ryan,an employee at Danny’s Cycles,said City Bike is a good option for people to ease in a city famous for its traffic jams.“They can try out a bike without buying one.”he said.

Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny’s Cycles.But for Frank’s Bike Shop,a small business on Christopher St.,the bike—share program has been bad news.Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90% since City Bike was rolled out last month.Arroyo’s main rental customers are European tourists,who have since been drawn away by City Bikes.

However,Ben said the bike—share is good for bike sales at his shop.“People have used the bike—share and realized how great it is to bike in the city,then decide that they want something Dicer for themselves,”he noted.Andrew Crooks,owner of NYC Velo,at 64 Second Ave.,said at first he Was concerned about bike—share,though,he admitted,“I was happy to see people on bikes.It seemed like a great idea,but one that would be difficult to implement(实施).”Crooks said he worried about inexperienced riders’ lack of awareness of biking rules and strong negative reaction from non—cyclists.However,he said.it’s still too early to tell if his business has been impacted.While it’s possible that bike—share will cause a drop in business,Crooks thought that the idea was a positive step forward for New York City.

1.What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of the bike—share program?

A.It found its bike sales unaffected.

B.It shifted its business to rentals.

C.It saw its bike sales on the rise.

D.It rented more bikes to tourists.

2.What is the author’s chief concern about the increasing use of City Bikes?

A.How non—cyclists respond to the program.

B.How local bike shops owners oppose the program.

C.How it affects local bike businesses.

D.How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.

3.Why is the bike—share program bad news for Frank’s Bike Shop?

A.It is hard to implement the bike—share program.

B.Its customers have been drawn away by City Bikes.

C.Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.

D.It has to compete with the city’s bike rental shops.

4.What is the attitude of most bike shop owners towards City Bike?

A.Negative. B.Doubtful.

B.Indifferent. D.Positive.

Have you ever complained why life is so tiring? Does the sky sometimes seem dark to you? Are your studies sometimes not successful? Well, friends, cheer up and smile all the time. If you see the world with your warm heart, you’ll find that the whole world smiles to you.

While in school, sometimes you are tired of your lessons, but have you ever noticed the happy smile on your teacher’s face when you did a good job?

One day it is fine. Just before you go out, it suddenly starts to rain. Maybe you would feel very sad and start to complain about the weather. But dear friends, why don’t you sit down and listen to the free concerts that the nature offers you? And with the timely rain, crops in the fields will grow better and better and farmers will have a good harvest.

Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries to do, sometimes failure can’t be avoided. I think failure is not terrible, and the terrible thing is that we are afraid of it and give up hope. When we face failure, we must be confident in ourselves, draw a useful lesson from it and try our best to finish what we have decided to do. As a popular saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success”.

Attitude decides everything. With an optimistic attitude life is easy and pleasant. Let’s smile to whatever we meet and the whole world will smile to us.

1. People sometimes complain _________.

A. the sky is always dark

B. their studies are successful

C. they see the world with their heart

D. life is tiring

2.When we face failure, we ___________.

A. must be confident in ourselves

B. shouldn’t be afraid of it

C. shouldn’t give up hope

D. All of the above

3.The best title for the passage is_______.

A. Smile and the World Smiles to You

B. Complaining about Life

C. Failure is the Mother of Success

D. It is Very Hard to Succeed

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