题目内容
9．Many schools across the US hold graduation ceremonies this time of year．In some schools，even 5 and 6-year-olds observe their graduation from kindergarten．And so can older people，much older．Meet 70-year-old Jerry Reid，who just graduated from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville．He earned a bachelor's degree．Mr．Reid might not look like the average college student； his hair is definitely grayer．But still Jerry Reid's age is easy to forget，other UVA students know him as one of their own．
Mr．Reid sat into the"Hoo Crew，"a group that cheers loudly for the school at sports events．He also joined a men's group on campus．He sang drinking songs along with many other students．Mr．Reid's school friends say they can talk to him just about anything．
About a half century ago，in his 20s，Mr．Reid was not in school．Instead，he was racing cars and chasing girls．But he says his friend Bill invited him to UVA parties．
"Bill told me what a terrible life I had unless I came up here and went to school with him，"said Reid．
That was in 1963．Jerry Reid says it took him 48years to take that advice．In 2011，he entered college．UVA Professor Luke Wright says Mr．Reid influences students．He opened the minds of the young adults．The teacher says Mr．Reid showed them that life does not end at 40．Instead，the 70-year-old college graduate believes that getting older can be the beginning of a dream．
"Remember that path that you left waits for you．It's there．It's yours．All you must do is to get out of your own way and get back to it．And，that's exactly what I did，"said Reid．
Mr．Reid says that he and his wife Susan now would take some time off to enjoy his college degree．Then，he'll return to UVA to begin studying for his graduate degree．
21．Which of the following is true of Mr．Reid？C
A．He was laughed at by other students．
B．He was interested in study in his youth．
C．He enlarged the views of young people．
D．He got his graduate degree at the age of 70．
22．From the third paragraph，we can infer that Mr．Reid wasD．
A．considerate B．independent C．intelligent D．energetic
23．What does Paragraph 6mainly discuss？B
A．How Mr．Reid realizes his dream．
B．What teachers think of Mr．Reid．
C．When Mr．Reid entered college．
D．Why the students likes Mr．Reid．
24．What lesson can we learn from the story of Jerry Reid？A
A．It is never too late to learn．
B．Two heads are better than one．
C．Actions speak louder than words．
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed．
分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们讲述了Jerry Reid，一位70高龄的老者依然矢志不渝地上大学并成功毕业，他打开了年轻学生的视野，让他们知道任何年龄都可以是梦想的开始，作者旨在鼓励读者"活到老，学到老"．
解答 21．C．细节理解题．根据第六段中的"UVA Professor Luke Wright says Mr．Reid influences students．He opened the minds of the young adults．The teacher says Mr．Reid showed them that life does not end at 40．Instead，the 70-year-old college graduate believes that getting older can be the beginning of a dream．"可知，Reid先生70岁大学毕业，打开了年轻学生的视野．让他们知道40岁并不是人生事业的结束，衰老依然可以追寻梦想；故选C．
22．D．推理判断题．根据第三段"Mr．Reid sat into the"Hoo Crew，"a group that cheers loudly for the school at sports events．He also joined a men's group on campus．He sang drinking songs along with many other students．"可知，70岁的Reid参加了体育比赛的啦啦队，加入男子团体队，和年轻学生一起唱饮酒歌，无话不谈．故可以推测他是精力充沛的；故选D．
23．B．推理判断题．根据该段中的句子"UVA Professor Luke Wright says Mr．Reid influences students．He opened the minds of the young adults．"可知，Reid先生影响了学生．他打开了年轻一代的视野．这是Luke Wright教授对他的一种评价．故选B．
24．A．推理判断题．通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了一位70高龄的老者依然矢志不渝地上大学并成功毕业．这正映照一句话"活到老，学到老"．故选A．
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
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相关题目
14．The Education Department says that school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent reports of serious accidents______ students got injured or killed．（ ）
| A． | after which | B． | in which | C． | by which | D． | for which |
11．For quite a lot of students，their teachers'words are more important than of their parents'．（ ）
| A． | that | B． | those | C． | these | D． | some |
14．The Bystander Effect
The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present，the less likely people are to help a person in distress．When an emergency situation occurs，observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action （or inaction）．
The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine"Kitty"Genovese．On Friday，March 13，1964，28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．
Despite Genovese's repeated calls for help，none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident．The attack first began at 3：20AM，but it was not until 3：50AM that someone first contacted police．
While Genovese's case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies，there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years．The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society，but why exactly does it happen？Why don't we help when we are part of a crowd？
There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First，the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility．Because there are other observers，individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．
The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous．In the case of Kitty Genovese，many of the 38witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a"lover's quarrel，"and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
Characteristics of the situation can play a role．During a crisis，things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear．Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening．During such chaotic moments，people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate．When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting，it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed．
So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction？Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle．When faced with a situation that requires action，understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help．However，this does not mean you should place yourself in danger．
But what if you are the person in need of assistance？How can you inspire people to lend a hand？One often-recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd．Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help．By personalizing and individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down．
The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present，the less likely people are to help a person in distress．When an emergency situation occurs，observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action （or inaction）．
The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine"Kitty"Genovese．On Friday，March 13，1964，28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．
Despite Genovese's repeated calls for help，none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident．The attack first began at 3：20AM，but it was not until 3：50AM that someone first contacted police．
While Genovese's case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies，there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years．The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society，but why exactly does it happen？Why don't we help when we are part of a crowd？
There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First，the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility．Because there are other observers，individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．
The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous．In the case of Kitty Genovese，many of the 38witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a"lover's quarrel，"and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
Characteristics of the situation can play a role．During a crisis，things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear．Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening．During such chaotic moments，people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate．When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting，it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed．
So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction？Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle．When faced with a situation that requires action，understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help．However，this does not mean you should place yourself in danger．
But what if you are the person in need of assistance？How can you inspire people to lend a hand？One often-recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd．Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help．By personalizing and individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down．
| The Bystander Effect | |
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| Concept of the bystander effect | The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual from becoming （71）involved/engaged in an emergency situation． It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence（72）socialbehavior． |
| Typical example | In 1964，a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was （73）endangered/threatened outside her apartment，while bystanders who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police． |
| （74）Explanations/Reasons for the bystander effect | Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of （75）responsibility in front of a large group of people． Before deciding to offer help，observers may want to make（76）sure/certain that it is appropriate to react．Besides，there is a natural （77）tendency for people to follow the crowd before the situation is clear． |
| （78）Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance of the bystander effect | You should realize or know the （79）existenceof the bystander effect and take measures to get rid of it． When in need of help，you should （80）choose/select/pick one from the crowd，which Will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped． |
8．Do not throw that plastic bag away； it may come in _________．（ ）
| A． | reality | B． | operation | C． | effect | D． | handy |