题目内容

11.A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,it's an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 5'×5'sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container-perhaps just a drinking cup-to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
      To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase  the water catcher's  productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up-and out-the side of the hole.
      Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup.
      The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.

32.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?D
A.It's delicate.
B.It's expensive.
C.It's complex.
D.It's portable.
33.What does the underlined phrase"the water catcher"in paragraph 2 refer to?B
A.The tube.                 
B.The still.
C.The hole.                         
D.The cup.
34.What's the last step of constructing a working solar still?C
A.Dig a hole of a certain size.                     
B.Put the cup in place.
C.Weight the sheet's center down.                  
D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
35.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup fromD.
A.the plastic tube                       
B.outside the hole
C.the open air                          
D.beneath the sheet.

分析 本文是一篇说明文,论述了自制蒸馏器的组成成分及工作程序.

解答 DBCD
32.D  细节理解题.根据第一段第三句前半句 Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you …可知,太阳能蒸馏器设备必须被携带,因此其是可以携带的,其余选项文章均未提及,故正确答案为D.
33.B  推理判断题.根据第二段划线词组前面的句子可知,其为蒸馏器的制作过程以及放置地点.后面的 increase productivity 为增加产量,因此可以推断该词组为蒸馏器,故正确答案为B.
34.C  细节理解题.根据文章第三段第一句后半句 …weighting the sheet's center down with a rock 可知,用石头让塑料布中心下降是制造太阳能蒸馏器的最后一步,后文没有再介绍制造过程,故正确答案为C.
35.D  细节理解题.根据文章随后一段第二句 Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material and fall off into the cup 可知,地面上的水蒸发并且在塑料布上,形成小水滴后落在杯子里,因此可以得知水滴来自塑料布下方,故正确答案为D.

点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.

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58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means"B".
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In agrarian(农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,” says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific. “Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.”

This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meals are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Couniban, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”

Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more energetic than our ancestors.

Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.

1.What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together?

A. It was helpful to maintaining a nation’s tradition.

B. It brought family members closer to each other.

C. It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.

D. It enabled families to save a lot of money.

2.What does “cultural metabolism”(Line 1, Para. 3) refer to?

A. Evolutionary adaptation. B. Changes in lifestyle.

C. Social progress. D. Pace of life.

3.What does the author think of the food people eat today?

A. Its quality is usually guaranteed.

B. It is varied, abundant and nutritious.

C. It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.

D. Its production depends too much on technology.

4.What does the author say about Italians of the old days?

A. They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.

B. They ate a big dinner late in the evening.

C. They ate three meals regularly every day.

D. They were expert at cooking meals.

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