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27. The experiment, _____ to test the theory, will be carried out tomorrow.

A. intending      B. intended       C. to intend     D, having intended

B

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Passage Fourteen(Antarctica and Environment)

Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.

Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share.

The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.

While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.

Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.

1.What is the best title for this passage?

A.Antarctica and environmental Problems.

B.Antarctica: Earth’s Early-Warning station.

C.Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.

D.Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.

2.What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?

A.The western part of the continent would be disappeared.

B.The western part of the continent would be reduced.

C.The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.

D.The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.

3.Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?

A.Vicious wind blasts the snow away.

B.It rarely snows.

C.Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.

D.Sand dunes.

4.Which of the following is true?

A.The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.

B.The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.

C.The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.

D.The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.

Your understanding on the theory is           satisfactory. You must read more after class.

   A. far from         B. up to         C. along with           D. free of

18.  The spy caught ______ the military base was sentenced to 20 years in prison and was limited ______ no relative visiting.

     A. to spy on; to   B. spying on; to  C. to spy on; with   D. spying on; with

E

If U．S．software companies don't pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye．Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry．Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U．S．quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country．

      Already, of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India．That's largely because they have used new methods rejected by American software specialists．For example, for decades, quality specialists, W．Edwards Deming and J．M．Juran had urged U．S．software companies to change their attitudes to quality．But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U．S -- but not in Japan．By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products．They used Deming's and Juran's ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs．In U．S．factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%．In software, it still is．

      Watts S．Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance．But his advice was seldom paid attention to．He retired from IBM in 1986．In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(evaluating) and improving software quality．It has proved its value time and again．For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs．It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%．

Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home．The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India．Let's hope that U．S．lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems．

72．What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?

A．India．                  B．The US．             C．Brazil．                 D．Germany．

73．Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?

A．He is now still an IBM employer．B．He has worked for IBM for 37 years．   

C．India honors him highly．

D．The US pays much attention to his quality advice．

74．By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?    

A．Its advertising was most successful．

B．Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality．

C．The US hardware industry was lagging behind

D．Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists．

75． What is the writer worrying about?

A．Many US software specialists are working for Japan．

B．The quality problem has become a worldwide problem．   

C．India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US．

D．The US will no longer be the first software player in the world

24._______ herself beautifully, the girl tried to make herself _______ at the party.

A. Dressed ; noticed    B. Dressing ; noticed    C. Dressed ; noticing     D. Dressing ; being noticing

.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel, 　　?

A .don't they 　  B. does it          C. do they 　　    D. doesn't it

The new tax policy only affects people on yearly income over ￥120 000 , ______, the very rich.

A. by the way

B. as a result 

C. in other words

D. as a matter of fact

17．—Hi, Nancy, I didn't know you had come back. So have you graduated from college?

       —Yes. I______French for 5 years in Nanjing.

       A．have studied            B．studied                   C．had studied             D．am studying

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