题目内容

1.Not all print dictionaries are the same,as you will notice when you select one.To make a wise selection,you should know how to distinguish among three kinds of print dictionaries:pocket,desk,and unabridged.You should also know the copyright date of your dictionary,and check is special features.
A pocket dictionary is small.Generally,it contains no more than 75000entries,making it hardly to carry to class and efficient to use.However,a pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough entries to be adequate for college reference homework.In addition,the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited.A desk dictionary is medium sized,generally containing over 100,000entries as well as extra features.For college work,you should own a current desk dictionary.An unabridged dictionary is a complete dictionary.Abridged dictionaries,such as pocket and desk dictionaries,are shortened.Because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all English words,they are large and heavy.They are often used by schools and libraries.
If the copyright date of your current dictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago,consider investing in a more recent edition.English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in meaning,spelling,and usage of familiar words.This is reflected in an up-to-date dictionary.
In selecting a dictionary,check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions.Many editions contain signs,symbols and foreign words.Some also contain CD-ROMs and access to special online features.

分析 这是一篇说明文.介绍了各种词典的特点,告诉我们如何正确地选择词典.

解答 71.答案:select.根据第一段的第一句话:"Not all print dictionaries are the same,as you will notice when you select one."可以得出提示.
72.答案:inadequate.根据第二段的第三句话:"However,a pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough entries to be adequate for college reference homework."可知作者认为口袋词典不能用来作为写家庭作业的参考. 
73.答案:word information.根据第二段的第四句话:"In addition,the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited."可知.   
74.答案:desk dictionary.根据第二段的第五句话前半句:"A desk dictionary is medium sized,"可知作者写完pocket dictionary接着写第二种词典desk dictionary.
75.答案:extra features.根据第二段的第五句话后半句:"generally containing over 100,000entries as well as extra features."可知中等体积是desk dictionary的外部特征.
76.答案:large and heavy.根据第二段倒数第二句:"Because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all English words,they are large and heavy."可知应填large and heavy.
77.答案:schools and libraries.根据第二段最后一句:"They are often used by schools and libraries."可知应填schools and libraries.   
78.答案:admitting new words.根据第三段第二句中:"English is a dynamic language that admits new words…"可知医院是一种动态的语言,所以词典也应及时地更新,收入新的单词.    
79.答案:check.根据第四段的第一句话:"In selecting a dictionary,check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions."可知题目中最后一个方框里的三条信息所讲的是选择字典时要检查词汇以外的特点,故填check
80.答案:access to.根据全篇章的最后一句话:"Some also contain CD-ROMS and access to special online features."故填access to.

点评 做这类题时,要根据所要填的空的前后词语到文章中去找到关键信息.

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7.Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV,he says,for problems it doesn't really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.
One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV,children do not merely absorb words and images (影像).Instead,they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore,as many teachers agree,children understand far more when parents watch TV with them,explaining new words and ideas.Yet,most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.
Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson,the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation,such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents'educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading."A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads."Anderson says.
Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance.But here,too,Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact,research suggests that it's the other way around."If you're smart young,you'll watch less TV when you're older,"Anderson says.Yet,people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.
For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.

36.By watching TV,children learnB.
A.images through words
B.more than explicit meanings
C.more about images than words
D.little about people's psychology
37.An educational program is best watched by a childC.
A.on his own
B.with other kids
C.with his parents
D.with his teachers
38.Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability?D
A.Radio-listening
B.Television-watching
C.Parents'reading list
D.Parents'educational background
39.Anderson believed thatC.
A.the more a child watches TV,the smarter he is
B.the younger a child is,the more he watches TV
C.the smarter a child is,the less likely he gets addicted to TV
D.the less a child watches TV,the better he performs at school
40.What is the main purpose of the passage?D
A.To advise on the educational use of TV.
B.To describe TV's harmful effects on children.
C.To explain traditional views on TV influences.
D.To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.
6.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children's development.First,sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active,which can lead to improved physical health.Second,youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth's psychosocial development,providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation,discipline,leadership,and self-control.Third,youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants.When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs,they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.
Research from Telama (2006)states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females.C?té (2002)defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment.These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult.Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level.For example,children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g.in the street.on a playing field or in someone's backyard).When involved in deliberate play activities,children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior.(whether they win or lose) than with the behavior.(having fun).
On the other hand,Ericsson (1993)suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice activities require effort,produce no immediate rewards,and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment.When individuals are involved in deliberate play,they experiment with different combinations of behaviors,but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance.In contrast,when individuals are involved in deliberate practice,they exhibit behavior.focused on improving performance by the most effective means available.For example,the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations.However,players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable.Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable,they might be the most relevant to improving performance.
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

78.Besides the learning of motor skills,what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?Improved physical health and psychosocial development.
79.If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities,they are more likely toparticipate in sports during adulthood..
80.In deliberate play activities,what do children do to maximize enjoyment?They change rules to suit their needs and their environment..
81.In contrast to deliberate play,deliberate practice is aimed atimproving performance..

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