Question

【题目】Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Tributes（致哀）poured in last week to the world-famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, whose insights 【1】 modern cosmology（宇宙学）and inspired global audiences in the millions. He died at the age of 76 on March 14.

Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with ALS（肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症）at the age of 21. The illness left him in a wheelchair and largely 【2】 to speak expect through a voice synthesizer（合成器）. Nevertheless, Hawking completed his doctorate（博士学位）on the origins of the universe three years later and became a research fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Caius College.

Hawking’s first major 【3】 came in 1970. With mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking used Einstein’s theory of relativity（相对论）to 【4】 the origins of time and space to singularity（奇点），a single point of zero size and infinite density（无限大的密度）where all the laws of physics would have broken down. Their work gave mathematical expression to the Big Bang theory（创世大爆炸理论）. Hawking was the first to try to 【5】 relativity with quantum mechanics（量子力学）. In 1974, he put forward that black holes leaked radiation, now known as“Hawking radiation,”and would eventually disappear with a tremendous explosion. The proposal 【6】 to one of the most passionate debates in modern cosmology—before Hawking, it was widely accepted that black holes were completely black and would 【7】 forever.

In 1982, Hawking was among the first to show how tiny changes in the distribution（分布）of matter might give rise to the 【8】 of galaxies（银河系）in the universe and lay the seeds of stars, planets and life as we know it.

For 30 years, Hawking was Cambridge’s Lucasian professor of mathematics（卢卡斯数学教授席位），arguably Britain’s most distinguished chair（席位）and a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton. He received 12 honorary degrees and was awarded a Companion of Honor（英国荣誉勋位）by Queen Elizabeth in 1989. The 1988 publication of A Brief History of Time won Hawking international 【9】. The book, through which the professor brought complex science to a【10】 audience, has sold at least ten million books in 40 languages.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】E

【3】H

【4】A

【5】C

【6】K

【7】F

【8】I

【9】J

【10】G

【解析】

这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍世界著名的英国物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金以及他对人类做出的贡献。

【1】考查一般过去时态。句意：上周，世界著名的英国物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking)收到了大量的致敬，他的洞见塑造了现代宇宙学，并激励了全球数百万观众。根据last week可知句子用一般过去时态。结合句意可知此处用动词shape“塑造”的过去式。所以填shaped，故选B。

【2】考查形容词。句意：疾病使他只能坐在轮椅上，除了通过语音合成器外，他基本上不能说话。固定搭配：be unable to do sth.“不能做某事”。结合句意可知此处用形容词unable“不能的”。所以填unable，故选E。

【3】考查名词。句意：霍金的第一次重大突破出现在1970年。结合句意可知此处用名词breakthrough“突破”。所以填breakthrough，故选H。

【4】考查动词。句意：在数学家罗杰·彭罗斯(Roger Penrose)的帮助下，霍金利用爱因斯坦的相对论，将时间和空间的起源推到了奇点——一个大小为零、密度为无穷大的单一点，在那里所有的物理定律都将被打破。结合句意可知此处用动词race“使急走，使全速行进”。所以选race，故选A。

【5】考查动词。句意：霍金是第一个试图把相对论和量子力学结合起来的人。固定搭配：try to do sth.“尽力去做某事”。此处是动词不定式作宾语，再结合句意可知此处用动词marry。所以填marry，故选C。

【6】考查一般过去时态。句意：这一提议引发了现代宇宙学中最激烈的争论之一。固定短语：lead to“导致，引起”。句子用一般过去时态，再结合句意可知此处用动词lead“导致，引领”的过去式。所以填led，故选K。

【7】考查动词。句意：在霍金之前，人们普遍认为黑洞是完全黑的，而且会永远存在下去。情态动词would后面用动词原形。再结合句意可知此处用动词原形last“持续，持久”。所以填last，故选F。

【8】考查名词。句意：1982年，霍金是第一个证明物质分布的微小变化可能导致宇宙中星系的扩展，并为我们所知的恒星、行星和生命播下种子的人之一。分析句子结构the ____8____ of可知此处用名词形式，再再结合句意可知此处用名词spread“传播，展开”。所以填spread，故选I。

【9】考查名词。句意：1988年出版的《时间简史》为霍金赢得了国际声誉。结合句意可知此处用名词reputation“名声”。所以填reputation，故选J。

【10】考查名词。句意：通过这本书，这位教授将复杂的科学介绍给了大众，这本书已经卖出了40种语言的至少1000万本书。再结合句意可知此处用名词mass“民众”。所以填mass，故选G。