题目内容

【题目】People born in winter are more likely to suffer mental health disorders, according to a recent study carried out by researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee.

Researchers raised baby mice from birth to weaning (断奶) in either “summer” light cycles of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark or “winter” cycles of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of dark. A third group experienced 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark a day.

Then half the winter mice stayed in a winter cycle, while half switched to a summer schedule. The summer mice were similarly split. The mice raised in equal periods of light and dark were split into three groups, one of which stayed on the 12hour schedule, one of which joined the winter group, and one of which joined the summer group.

After 28 days, it turns out the summerborn mice behaved the same whether they stayed on the summer cycle or switched to winter. But among the winterborn mice, those stayed in winter kept their previous schedule, while those that switched to summer stayed active for an extra hour and a half, which indicates that mice born and weaned in a winter light cycle showed dramatic disruptions（破坏） in their biological clocks.

The finding is the first of its kind in mammals, and it could explain why people born in winter are at higher risk for mental health disorders.

“We know that the biological clock regulates(管理) mood in humans,” said study researcher McMahon. “If the mechanism (机制) similar to the one that we found in mice operates in humans, then it could not only have an effect on a number of behavioral disorders, but also have a more general effect on personality.”

【1】 How many groups of mice are there finally in all in the experiment?

A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.

【2】What's the main idea of the text?

A．The biological clock regulates mood in humans.

B．People born in winter are at higher risk for physical health disorders.

C．Being born in winter has a negative effect on people's mental health.

D．The length of light will influence the behavior of the mice.

【3】 The underlined word “split”(Paragraph 3) can be replaced by ________.

A．divided B．torn C．hit D．ended

【4】Who is probably the reader of the passage?

A．A jobhunter.

B．A student in the university.

C．A newlymarried couple.

D．An experienced dentist.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

试题分析：本文介绍了一项最新的研究结果，结果表明冬天出生的人更容易患心理疾病。

【1】D细节理解题。在第二段中提到了分成了三组，而在第三段中又将这三组分别分 成了两组、两组和三组，因此在实验中一共有七组老鼠。选D

【2】C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的第一段就开门见山地点明了本文的主旨， 即冬天出生的人更有可能存在心理障碍，因此选 C。

【3】A词义猜测题。根据第三段的第一句及画线词后面的“were split into three groups” 可推知，“split”与“divided”同义，意为“被分开”。故选A。

【4】C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文告诉我们出生时间对人的精神健康的影响， 再结合四个备选项可知，新婚夫妇应是最合适的读者。选C

【名师点拨】

如何做好推理判断题？考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的弦外之音。首先，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。15.【4】C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文告诉我们出生时间对人的精神健康的影响， 再结合四个备选项可知，新婚夫妇应是最合适的读者。选C

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【题目】My elder brother Steve, in the absence of my father who died when I was six, gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult.

For instance, Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game, it was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened. When I explained that my baseball had soared through Mrs. Holt’s basement window, breaking the glass with a crash, Steve encouraged me to apologize to her. After all, I should have been playing in the park down Fifth Street and not in the path between buildings. Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window from my pocket money if she would return my ball. I also learned from Steve that personal property(财产) is a sacred thing. After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else in spite of the fact that it had little value. He reminded me of how much I’d hate to lose to someone else the small dog my father carved from a piece of cheap wood. I returned the pen to my teacher, Mrs. Davids, and still remembered the smell of her perfume as she patted me on the shoulder. Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind.

When I was twelve, I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun. Excited with my skill, I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground. Then in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, “Did it hurt you first, Mark?” I didn’t know what to answer. He continued with his eyes firm, “The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is when it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time.” I really felt terrible then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.

【1】What is the main subject of the passage?

A. The relationship between mark and Steve.

B. The important lesson Mark learned in school

C. Steve’s important role in mark’s growing process.

D. Mark and Steve’s respect for living things.

【2】 In the story about the pen, which of the following lessons did Steve teach his brother?

A. Respect for personal property.

B. Respect for life.

C. Sympathy for people with problems.

D. The value of honesty.

【3】 According to the writer, which was the most important lesson Steve taught his young brother?

A. Respect for living things.

B. Responsibility for one’s actions.

C. The value of the honesty.

D. Care for the property of others.

【题目】Body Language in the United States

Most people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time. Among very good friends, a woman may give another woman a little hug, and a man may kiss a woman quickly on the cheek. Males don’t hug one another, which, however, is changing. Men usually shake hands with the right hand. Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other person’s arm. This shows greater warmth and friendship. Most people wave hello or good-bye by extending the palm(手掌) facing outward, and twisting the hand at the wrist. Another way is to raise the arm, palm outward, and move the whole arm and hand back and forth. This is important to know because in many other countries, the same movements mean “no”.

When people are waiting in a public place, such as the post office, they usually form lines. Some people get angry and complain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people. Moreover, many women like men to open doors for them. They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation. However, some women do not like this type of behavior. They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.

In the United States, it’s important to make direct eye contact in business and social situations. If you don’t make eye contact, people will probably think that you are bored or not interested. If there is silence in these situations, people usually try to make conservation. Periods of silence make many people uncomfortable. People in the United States usually stand about one arm’s length away from each other while talking or standing together. This space is called “the comfort zone”.

In the United States, mothers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger(食指) at them. People may show that they like children by patting them on the head.

【1】It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that in the United States __________.

A. males begin to hug each other now

B. a man usually kisses a woman for greeting

C. people only use right hands to shake hands

D. people wave good-bye as people in many other countries do

【2】Some women don’t like to be offered a seat by men because __________.

A. they think sitting is harmful for health

B. they prefer to stand rather than sit

C. they like to be treated equally

D. they don’t need men’s favor

【3】The third paragraph is mainly about __________.

A. body language in public places

B. impolite body language

C. the comfort zone

D. body language in business and social life

【4】In the United States, a mother sometimes shakes an index finger at her kids to show __________.

A. boredom B. anger C. love D. Satisfaction

【题目】短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear cousin,

Long time no see! It has been almost a year ever since you move to London. I miss you a lot of. I’m writing the letter to ask you for help. As you know, I am eager to be a photographer like you, so I asked my parents to buy me the camera last week. But he told me I wouldn’t concentrate in my schoolwork if I got it. Oh, my God! What can I make them trust me? I’m not a kid any longer, but I can control myself. What’s worse, I have promised that I will take photos for the school’s newspaper next month. When asking by my classmates, I will be absolutely embarrassed. Therefore, would you like to lend me some money? If you’d like to, I will return it as soon as possibly.

Yours Sincerely,

Tom

【题目】---Johnson said that he had a headache and wouldn’t come to the discussion.

---____________. He always uses that excuse.

A. You are kidding.

B. I won’t buy his story.

C. You have my word.

D. I can’t agree more.

【题目】It's school time again! You're probably feeling excited and maybe a little sad that summer is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of all the new things: new teachers, new friends, and even a new school. Luckily, these “new” worries only stick around for a little while. Let's find out more about going to a new school.

Most teachers kick off the new school year by introducing themselves and talking about all the stuff you'll be doing that year. Some teachers give students a chance to tell something about themselves to the rest of the class, too. When teachers do the talking on the first day, they often go over classroom rules and school rules so you'll know what's allowed and what's not. Please pay close attention.

You might already know a lot of people in your classes on the first day, but, it's a great day to make a new friend, so try to say hello to kids you know and new ones that you don't. Make the first move and you'll be glad you did, and so will your new friend!

Seeing old friends can make the first day a good one. You can make the day special by wearing clothes that you really like. Maybe you got a great Tshirt on one of your vacations, or a pair of sneakers (运动鞋). It also can make you feel good to be prepared and have all the things you need, such as pencils, folders, and whatever else you'll be needing. But make sure that you pack them the night before in case you don't have time in the morning.

【1】The last paragraph mainly tells us about ________.

A．what to know about a new school

B．how to prepare for a new school

C．what to do on your first day of school

D．how to spend your first day of school

【2】According to the passage, you usually do everything on the first day of school except ________.

A．introducing yourself

B．learning about the school rules

C．making new friends

D．going over your new lessons

【3】If you happen to see an old friend on the first day of school, from the passage we know that you will feel ________.

A．nervous B．unlucky

C．happy D．upset

【4】Where can you read the passage?

A．In a newspaper. B．In a scientific report.

C．In a notice. D．In a freshman handbook.

【题目】Taxpayers(纳税人) in America pay less in income tax than many Europeans, according to a Pew Research Center report. Belgium has the highest income tax rate, at nearly 56 percent of income, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. Taxpayers in the U.S. pay less than 36 percent of their incomes into the national treasury. Taxes pay for services provided by the government. The U.S. ranks 25 of the 34 developed countries polled in the report.

An unmarried person with no children was used as an example in the report. In America, an unmarried person, with no children, making the average wage of $50,000 in 2014 paid 24.8 percent of their income in federal (联邦的) income tax and payroll taxes (工资税). A similar person living in Belgium would pay 42.3 percent of their income. The average among the 39 countries in the poll was 27.3 percent income tax.

The deadline to pay taxes in America is usually April 15. This year, the deadline is April 18. American taxpayers complain that wealthy people and large companies pay too little tax, according to a Pew Research Center poll from 2015.

Americans pay tax to fund programs like Social Security and Medicaid, according to the Pew Research Center. Last year, American taxes paid for $888 billion in Social Security benefits. Social Security pays the elderly an income after they stop working. The government also paid more than $546 billion in Medicaid and Medicare benefits. Those programs pay for health and medical care to people who cannot afford it, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

【1】According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The income tax rate of America ranks 25 of the world.

B. No countries in the world have a higher income tax than that in Belgium.

C. Taxpayers in America pay more in income tax than many Europeans.

D. The deadline to pay taxes in America is usually between April 15 and April 18

【2】 The majority of people benefiting from the taxes in America are ________.

A. wealthy people and corporations

B. unmarried people

C. married couples

D. the elderly retirees

【3】How is Passage 2 mainly developed?

A. By showing differences B. By analyzing causes

C. By describing process D. By explanations

【4】The author mainly wants to tell us ________.

A. how Americans use their taxes

B. how much do Americans pay their taxes

C. that Americans pay less income tax than many others

D. that many people are complaining about the taxes

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Empathy

Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _【1】__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.

Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __【2】_

There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __【3】_ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _【4】__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.

What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __【5】__

To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.

C. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.

D. Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.

___【1】__ Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.

For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. ___【2】___

Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.

__【3】___ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “___【4】___ Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”

Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. __【5】___

A. In general the person feels excited and ready to act

B. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.

C. Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it

D. Anger may cause you a cancer.

E. Do not express your anger while angry.

F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.

G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.

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