题目内容
【题目】 Even in the best and most loving of times, families can feel impossibly confined (受限制的). Teens are irritable and furious. Parents are annoying and embarrassing. For Esther and her daughter Chaya, the tiny new coronavirus changed all that.
Esther was born in Wuhan-a dynamic and culturally rich place that she deeply loves but moved to the U.S. During the winter holiday, they went to Wuhan to visit Esther’s parents. Gradually at first, then more frequently, they noticed face masks on city streets. To be safe, they wore their own masks and stopped going to public gatherings. Then, suddenly the city was on lockdown. No one could leave. Their reservations home on a China Southern airlines flight were worthless. “I feared for my daughter’s life,” said Esther, “If it got worse, there could be chaos. She doesn’t speak much Chinese.”
For days, Esther repeatedly called and emailed for help. It was nonstop. She stayed online, checking all the time. Chaya felt distressed and helpless. It's awful seeing her mother go through that-without having anything she could do to help in the hotel.
Their luck changed with one email. For the 1,000 Americans stuck in Wuhan, there were 230 available seats on one outbound flight, it said. Esther bought two $1,100 seats. After a 12-hour wait at the airport, they got clearance to leave, and arrived at March Air Force Base, where they were isolated in two small connected rooms with a shared bath for two weeks. There were daily medical checkups, twice daily temperature checks and a 10 a m. briefing (简报). But there was no WiFi, TV or friends. For emotional support, Esther phoned her husband Haim, an engineering manager for Uber, and their two other children, ages 13 and 11.
Now home, they are basking in (沉浸于) the thrill of phone calls, TV interviews and a caring community. They’ve gotten little sleep. Suitcases remain unpacked. But anyhow, they have survived not just the outbreak of a virus but the unforgettable experience of mother-daughter togetherness.
【1】What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A.The culture and vitality of Wuhan have attracted Esther and Chaya there.
B.The virus has affected people's life in Wuhan.
C.The flight of going back to the U.S. has been postponed.
D.The city was locked down because it was in chaos.
【2】What caused Chaya's depressed mood?
A.Seeing her mother suffer from reaching out for help.B.Being kept in Wuhan for poor health.
C.Missing her family and friends at home.D.Being unable to speak Chinese.
【3】Why were they isolated after Esther and Chaya arrived at the airport?
A.The concern of their safety as well as the public’s.
B.Their infection of the virus.
C.The lack of flight home.
D.Their emotional problems after the experience.
【4】What is the best title of the text?
A.Life in Wuhan: fighting the virus together.
B.Life about people infected by the virus.
C.Life about a mom and teen united by a virus.
D.Life about a mom and daughter from the U.S.
【答案】
【1】B
【2】A
【3】A
【4】C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Esther和Chaya这对母女在武汉经历了疫情，这次经历让她们之间的隔阂打破，有了一次亲密接触的体验。
【1】
推理判断题。根据“During the winter holiday, they went to Wuhan to visit Esther’s parents.”可知，吸引他们到武汉来的原因是要看望Esther的父母，所以选项A错，排除A；根据“To be safe, they wore their own masks and stopped going to public gatherings. Then, suddenly the city was on lockdown. No one could leave.”可知，病毒让人们不得不戴上口罩，停止聚集，城市也被封锁了，没有人能离开。由此判断出病毒已经影响了武汉人民的生活。故选B。
【2】
细节理解题。根据“Chaya felt distressed and helpless. It's awful seeing her mother go through that-without having anything she could do to help in the hotel.”可知，that指的是前文中提到的Esther不停地打电话和发邮件求助，Chaya对看着妈妈经历这些而自己却无能为力感到沮丧和无助，所以看到她母亲苦苦寻求帮助引起了Chaya的沮丧情绪。故选A。
【3】
推理判断题。根据“There were daily medical checkups, twice daily temperature checks and a 10 a m. briefing (简报).”可知，Esther和Chaya被隔离的时候每天都要做医疗检查、每天测量两次体温。由此判断出隔离起来是为检测她们是否健康，这是为了他们也是为了公众的安全，故选A。
【4】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的主旨句“But anyhow, they have survived not just the outbreak of a virus but the unforgettable experience of mother-daughter togetherness.”可知，但无论如何，他们不仅熬过了病毒的爆发，也熬过了母女在一起的难忘经历，他们因为病毒的爆发有了一次妈妈和女儿亲密接触的体验，第一段也提到，大部分的家庭父母和孩子之间都有隔阂，对彼此会不耐烦，这对母女也是，但是一次疫情改变了这种情况，构成首尾呼应，所以C项“病毒使母女紧紧地在一起”为标题，故选C。
【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Potential energy is the energy, chemical or physical, stored within an object, atom or molecule（分子）. Think about a car at the top of a roller-coaster （过山车）, pausing just before it slopes into the next turn. A log resting in a fireplace just before it is about to be lit is a treasure house of potential energy. As the log burns, the connections between carbon atoms that make up the wood are being broken down, and the potential energy stored within those connections is being released as heat and light. As a comet approaches a planet or star, it slows, momentarily affected by the larger body’s gravity. The potential energy builds up and then reaches a breaking point as the comet accelerates around the larger body, and is shot out to the other side.
Sports show countless examples every day of potential energy being transformed into kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement. When an archer（弓箭手）draws and holds her arrow, her bow is filled with stored potential energy. When she releases the bowstring, all the potential energy is quickly transformed into kinetic energy, which is transferred to the arrow that takes flight.
The transformation of stored potential energy into kinetic energy can also be made use of to power homes, factories and entire cities. The most notable example is the Hoover Dam. The Hoover Dam is an arch-gravity dam by design. This design name is the first clue as to how exactly the dam makes use of energy. Located in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, the Hoover Dam formed, and now holds back Lake Mead — the largest reservoir in the United States.
Gravity acts as a force upon Lake Mead. Held at bay by the Hoover Dam, the waters of Lake Mead and the Colorado River gain greater potential energy with each passing moment. The Arizona and Nevada spillways（溢洪道）are two means by which the waters of Lake Mead can escape the dam. As the lake water falls over the walls into a spillway, potential energy is instantly transformed into kinetic energy. The channels through which the water normally escapes every day are the four intake towers. These towers allow the water flow through passageways to the powerhouse and hydroelectric generators. When the water reaches the intake towers and is allowed to flow down through the passageways, all the stored potential energy created by the force of gravity acting upon the water is transformed into kinetic energy, just as when water flows over the wall into a spillway. By taking advantage of the transformed potential energy of Lake Mead, the Hoover Dam provides power to California, Nevada and Arizona.
Moments like these happen all across the physical world, whether on the molecular or universe level.
Main points | Supporting details |
What is potential energy? | Potential energy is the energy existing either in the chemical or physical 【1】, which is stored in an object. When a car is sloping into the next turn from the top of a roller-coaster, it is building up potential energy. When a log is burning, the connections between carbon atoms are being broken down, 【2】 potential energy as light and heat. When a comet approaches a planet or star, the potential energy 【3】 to a breaking point and then the comet is shot out to the other side. |
How is potential energy transformed into kinetic energy? | Potential energy can be transformed into kinetic energy, which is the energy【4】 by movement. When the bowstring is released by an archer, the potential energy stored in the full bow is quickly transferred to the arrow, thus transformed into kinetic energy which sets the arrow 【5】 far away. Hoover Dam is the most notable example of energy transformation. Hoover Dam is 【6】 in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, holding back Lake Mead. The waters of Lake Mead escape the Dam, falling over the walls into Arizona and Nevada spillways, leading to the 【7】 transformation from potential energy into kinetic energy. The 【8】 of potential energy is from the force of gravity acting upon the water |
What 【9】 is the energy transformation made of? | Homes, factories and cities are efficiently 【10】 thanks to the powerhouses and hydroelectric generators taking advantage of the transformed potential energy. |