Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

1.Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.

A. relies on the social welfare systems which support them

B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D. is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives

2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”in paragraph 2?

A. adds up to.

B. does away with.

C. lessens the effect of.

D. Lays the foundation for.

3.Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________.

A. instrumental support

B. informational support

C. social companionship

D. the strengthening of self-respect

4.Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.

A. it helps strengthen our ties with relatives

B. it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes

C. it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable

D. it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles

Do you know a child who has used first aid to save a life or help an injured person?

St. John Ambulance is seeking young people who have acted quickly, calmly and effectively at a real emergency for its annual Young First Aider of the Year awards.

The awards are open to all those under 18, and the closing date for nomination (提名) is April 30, 2016. The winners will be invited to attend a special ceremony in June, 2016.

“St. John Ambulance believes it is essential for young people to learn first aid so that they can help anyone who is injured,” said Sandra Stocker, director of St. John Ambulance Awards Committee. “The Young First Aider of the Year is a wonderful way to celebrate their bravery and quick-thinking.”

Nomination for the Young First Aider of the Year is now open. Please complete and return the nomination forms as soon as possible and certainly no later than April 30, 2016. The committee will decide which of the nominees will receive the Young First Aider of the Year awards by considering the actions of the nominees along with their ages and other factors. You should send any evidence you have with the nomination form, showing the nominees’ actions.

Examples of evidence could include:

◆ Newspaper clippings (剪报) of the incident.

◆ Police incident record numbers.

Once a nomination form is received, the nominee or nominator may be approached for further details of the incident. For further information please get in touch with Sandra Stocker by email or on 020-73244082 or 020-73244083.

Find out who our winners will be for 2016.

1.What does the St. John Ambulance Awards Committee intend to convey?

A. Learning first aid can help young people win an award.

B. Young people should learn first aid to help the injured.

C. The injured are encouraged to act quickly and calmly.

D. St. John Ambulance gains its name by training first aiders.

2.If you suggest someone for the awards, you should ______.

A. provide some evidence of the incident

B. make a speech introducing yourself

C. attend the awards ceremony on time

D. have a good knowledge about first aid

3.Who might win the Young First Aider of the Year awards?

A. A child using first aid to save his father.

B. A child witnessing a girl save the injured.

C. An adult working in the emergency room.

D. An adult helping the injured with first aid.

4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Demand for First Aiders

B. Importance of First Aid

C. Young First Aiders of the Year

D. St. John Ambulance Awards

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Shyness can have a huge effect on your life. It can stop you from making any progress. 1. .

Make eye contact with everyone you talk to. It is so easy to look at the floor, the ceiling, anywhere but into the other person’s eyes. Looking directly at someone makes them see you in a different light. If they think you are confident, you will become more confident! If you find it really hard , at the very beginning, look just above the eyes, they will never know. 2.

Start a conversation with a new person every day. Think of four or five things you could start a conversation with and then find at least one opportunity each day to talk to a new person. 3. Just exchanging a few words will get you used to talking to new people and you can gradually deal with it well as your confidence grows. Asking people something about themselves is often a good opener as it encourages them to talk!

4. Your body language has a huge effect on both how you feel and how other people perceive(认为) you. Walk around your home or garden as if you are the most important person in the world. Then go out and continue that; you really are the most important person in the world.

All in all, never give up, keep practicing and soon you really will be a different person. 5. You need to take action to increase your confidence and beat shyness.

A. Just reading tips will not help.

B. It will reduce your embarrassment.

C. Be aware of your body language.

D. The tips below can help overcome your shyness and improve your life very much!.

E. Many young people are actually shy in public.

F. You don’t need to have a deep conversation.

G. You can have a talk with your parents if necessary.

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