题目内容

【题目】短文改错

Today our class go to climb a mountain. This morning we set off to a mountain by buses. At about nine o’clock we arrived at the foot of the mountain and with the guidance of our teacher, he started climbing. Because at the half of the mountain some of us got tired, we all were very excited. When we got to the top, we cheered excitedly. Seeing from the top of it, the view is wonderful. Unfortunately, when we began to go down the mountain, we were catching in a storm. We shared umbrellas and raincoats each other and walked more cautious. At last we all reached the parking lot safely and got on the bus heading back to home.

【答案】

【1】gowent

【2】athe

【3】busesbus

【4】hewe

【5】BecauseAlthough/Though

【6】SeeingSeen

【7】catchingcaught

【8】在each前面加with

【9】cautiouscautiously

【10】去掉back后面的to

【解析】

试题分析:本文介绍作者爬山的经历。

【1】gowent 根据后面后文可知,动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时态,故把go改为went。

【2】athe 此处特指前面提到的“山”,故把a改为the。

【3】busesbus by bus乘坐公共汽车,是固定短语,故把buses改为bus。

【4】hewe 句意:在老师的引导下,我们开始爬山。故把he改为we。

【5】BecauseAlthough/Though 句意:尽管爬到山的一半我们,但我们都很兴奋。两句是让步关系,不是因果关系,故把Because改为Although/Though。

【6】SeeingSeen 句子的主语是the view,它和See之间是被动关系,“被看”,故把Seeing改为Seen。

【7】catchingcaught 句意:我们赶上了风暴。也就是被风暴“抓住”,故把catching改为caught。

【8】在each前面加with 固定搭配:share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物,故在each前面加with。

【9】cautiouscautiously 副词修饰动词,故把cautious改为cautiously。

【10】去掉back后面的to 在这里home是副词,本身就是“到家,在家,回家”的意思,故去掉back后面的to。

【知识拓展】

短文改错口诀:动词形,名词数注意形和副非谓动词细辨别习惯用法要记住句子成分多分析逻辑错误须关注。

动词形:主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:

My favorite sport are football. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。

名词数:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。

例如: …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

区分形和副:即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。

例如 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

非谓动词细辨别: 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:

Now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)

My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。

习惯用法要记住:主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

句子成分多分析:不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。

例如: They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受害于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。

逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。

例如: The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。

除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。

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【题目】阅读理解。

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