题目内容

【题目】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Standing desks have been praised for their positive effects on physical health, reducing sitting time and lowering certain health risks linked to a sedentary( 久坐的) lifestyle. But could standing desks have positive mental effects?

New research suggests that students may think best when they are on their feet. It offers some of the first evidence of mental benefits of standing desks in classrooms.

Testing was done on high school freshmen who used standing desks, evaluating them at the beginning and end of the school year. Dr. Ranjana Mehta, an assistant professor at the Texas A&M School of Public Health, led the experiments aiming to assess standing desks’ mental benefits.

Through computerized tests, students’ executive functions were evaluated. Executive functions are the cognitive skills used to analyze tasks and break them into steps, and are directly related to academic needs like time management, memorizing facts and solving multi-step problems. These functions are largely controlled by frontal(前额的) brain regions, so researchers used a portable brain-imaging device to examine any related changes.

“Test results indicated that continued use of standing desks was associated with significant improvements in executive functions and working memory abilities,” Mehta said. “Changes in corresponding brain activation patterns were also observed.”

“Interestingly, our research showed the use of standing desks improved mental function, which is consistent with results from previous studies on school-based exercise programs,” Mehta noted.

Policymakers, public health professionals and school administrators should consider the positive effects of standing desks and make some simple changes in classrooms that will have the potential to increase energy expenditure and develop cognitive skills. That would be a valuable contribution to the educational world.

【答案】Standing desks have positive effects on physical health. Now new research offers evidence that standing desks offers mental benefits too. Experiments on high school students showed standing desks improved students’ executive function and memory/cognitive ability and problem solving skills. These effects are similar to the effects of exercise. Standing desks should be used in classrooms to burn more energy and improve cognitive skills.

【解析】

这是一篇概要写作。短文介绍了站立式书桌对身体健康的积极影响。

概要写作需要先理清文章主题和篇章结构，在此基础上再加以总结。可以先梳理各段的内容：

第一段：提出站立式书桌对人的健康有好处，而在最后话锋一转，引出文章中心论点：站立式书桌对于精神方面的影响。这一部分可以总结为：Standing desks have positive effects on physical health. Now new research offers evidence that standing desks offers mental benefits too.

第二、三、四段：详述一项针对前面论点的新研究的过程，通过观察比较对照组高中学生学期始末的成绩来评估学生大脑的执行功能。

第五、六段：引述研究主导人Metha的话，得出结论：长期使用站立式书桌使得执行功能、工作记忆能力等都有所提升，即确实能提高学生心智，与先前的研究结果是一致的。这两部分可以总结为：Experiments on high school students showed standing desks improved students’ executive function and memory/cognitive ability and problem solving skills.

第七段：作者根据前面得出的结论向决策者、学校管理者和健康专家们提出建议。这一部分可以总结为：Standing desks should be used in classrooms to burn more energy and improve cognitive skills.

这样就可以较为全面、清晰地写出全文概要了。

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【题目】 The science of papermaking addresses the methods, equipment, and materials used to make paper and cardboard, these being used widely for printing, writing, and packaging, among many other purposes and useful products. Today almost all paper is produced using industrial machinery. 【1】

The method of manual（手工的）papermaking changed very little over time, despite advances in technologies.【2】Separate the useful fibre from the rest of raw materials. Beat down the fibre into pulp（纸浆）.Adjust the color, chemical, biological, and other properties of the paper. Screen （筛选）the resulting liquid. Press and dry to get the actual paper.

【3】 It is made of stainless materials and set in a wooden frame similar to that of a window. Then completely bathe it in the liquid and draw it out. Water is removed and the wet mat of fibre is laid on top of a damp cloth. The fairly damp fiber is then dried. Finally, the paper is then cut to the desired shape and packed.

The wooden frame is called a “deckle” （定纸框）. 【4】 The “deckle edges” are one of the indications that the paper was made by hand. Deckle-edged paper is occasionally imitated today to create the impression of old-fashioned luxury.

【5】 It is also used in paper factories to check the quality of the production process. The “handsheets" made according to TAPPI Standard T205 are tested for paper characteristics such as brightness, strength and degree of sizing.

A.Screening the fibre involves using a special net.

B.The process of papermaking is really complicated.

C.It leaves the edges of the paper slightly irregular and wavy.

D.In laboratories handmade paper is prepared to study papermaking.

E.However, traditional papermaking in Asia uses the inner skin fibres of plants.

F.The process of manufacturing handmade paper can be generalized into five steps.

G.But handmade paper is still appreciated for its distinctive uniqueness and the skilled craft.

【题目】 Some 15 years ago, Ross Willard volunteered with a food program in Harrisburg Pa. He found children riding bicycles with brakes that didn't work. The retired railroad manager saw the importance of safely riding for children, so he began repairing bicycle on street corners.

Over time, more and more people came to have their bicycles repaired. Mr. Willard opened his first shop in 2007 and three years later he founded his own company Recycle Cycle Harrisburg. The all-volunteer nonprofit organization has been offering service for residents in the community. Regular visitors include children and their parents, as well as halfway house residents seeking to perform community service hours while so building their own bikes.

The organization has a do-it-yourself philosophy: Although there is no charge for any repair, or even bicycles, most visitors( except young children)are tasked with making their own repairs with the assistance of volunteer trainers.

Since its founding, Recycle Bicycle has distributed thousands of donated bikes to the Harrisburg community averaging about 900 per year in the past decade. He's known as “Mr. Bicycle, around the Pennsylvania capital. He estimates that the organization repairs some 3,000 bikes a year.

Sitting in the organization’s shop space, he discusses the volunteerism and sense of service that were imprinted on him as a child by his parents. This led to a strong belief about fixing problems that one finds in the community.

【1】Why did Willard begin repairing cycles on street comers?

A.He needed to make some extra money.

B.He decided to set up his own business.

C.He wanted to ensure the safety of cyclists.

D.He felt bored with the food program.

【2】What does “do-it-yourself philosophy” aim at?

A.Young children.B.Volunteer trainers.

C.Shoppers.D.Visitors.

【3】Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “imprinted”?

A.impressedB.realizedC.ignoredD.depended

【4】What is the main idea of the text?

A.Repairing a bicycle yourself can save time and money.

B.Community needs bicycle repair service.

C.How to repair a bicycle.

D.The organization offers service for the community.

【题目】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Antarctica is slowly starting to turn warm. According to the Guardian, the Antarctic 【1】 (register ) a new high temperature for the first time on record, 【2】 (fuel) fears of climate instability in the world’s iciest place.

On Feb. 9. 2020, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20. 75℃ on the 【3】 (ice) continent of Antarctica. It was almost 【4】 full degree higher than the previous record of 19.8℃, 【5】 (take) on Signy Island in January 1982.

These higher temperatures can cause ice glaciers (冰川) in Antarctic regions to melt. The glaciers in Discovery Bay, 【6】 the snow melted in little more than a week, have retreaded by more than 100 meters, leaving dark exposed rock. This melted ice leads 【7】 a rise in sea levels that can threaten the 【8】 (safe) of coastal areas. It is believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin colonies, which are dependent on sea ice.

As the American writer Ernest Hemingway put 【9】, “The Earth is beautiful and worth fighting for.” We should do everything we can to protect our planet. Otherwise, the Earth may 【10】 (trap) in the heat we can’t save.

【题目】Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你们学校近期将开设“学生理财入门”(Money Management ABC) 选修课，你会参加吗？请做出选择并简要说说你的理由。

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【题目】Three simple keys to success

Being successful means different things to different people. 【1】 My point is, the specifics involved in finding success can vary greatly, depending on your goal.

There are three basic components necessary for finding success, regardless of the specifics of your pursuit. And, since the desire for ownership is the driving force behind acquisition, I’ll use the word OWN as my simple three-item method for success.

1.O-Opportunity: one of the most important components in finding success is being able to identify opportunity. It is to success what wind is to sailing. 【2】 Identifying opportunity is the first step; awareness sets your sails for success while your motivation provides the wind.

2.W-Wisdom: By definition, wisdom is the accurate application of knowledge. 【3】 It requires clear understanding, great insight and good judgment. Once opportunity is identified, you must use all your inner resources to seize it and make the most of it. 【4】 Finding success when opportunity presents itself often means reaching out for help in areas where you have weakness.

3.N-Never give up: This might possibly be the most important for success. The key is to first break your goal down into workable parts so you don’t feel pressured, and then to work each part at ease with both enthusiasm and purpose. It takes a lot of time, effort and determination to succeed. 【5】

A.Being successful demands doing well.

B.But wisdom involves more than just knowing.

C.You simply can’t have one without the other.

D.Having this attitude keeps you moving in face of trouble and becomes the driving force.

E.Besides, wisdom means knowing your limitations.

F.You’ll finally succeed if you follow these steps.

G.The road to success is being largely determined by what result you want to achieve.

【题目】 Cala didn’t like us. Any of us. We didn’t do anything to offend her and she didn’t know us but that didn’t matter; she still didn’t like us.

As new teachers in the Emirati school, we Westerners greeted her every day. She ignored us. She came into our rooms and bypassed us as she shook hands with all the non-Westerners. Whenever we saw her, she avoided eye contact with us. Eventually, we stopped trying to befriend her.

I wouldn’t say her nationality but her friends had been fired from the school. We had been employed in their places and that was enough for her to have nothing to do with us.

Well after 16 months in the school we had a secret friend gifting. To my surprise, I drew her name from the glass jar and that meant she was my secret friend. My role was to buy her a gift and say something about her when we publicly acknowledged who our secret friend was.

I decided to gift her a coloured bangle（手镯）. I added a postcard and wrote “Love and Blessings, Rose Marie.

Then came the day. We all gathered in the meeting room. When you gave your gift, you said a few kind words about your secret friend and passed the gift to her. What could I say? Everyone knew she didn’t like the Westerners. She taught music in the school so I said “My secret friend is someone who brings music to our ears every day.” She came forward with a huge warm smile. She hugged me and kissed me on both cheeks and accepted my gift.

Since then, she smiles often. We hug and shake hands when we meet. I have seen her wear my gift several times and I am so pleased.

【1】Why didn't Cala like the Western teachers?

A.They replaced her friends' positions.

B.They were new comers.

C.They stopped befriending her.

D.They had once offended her.

【2】How did the writer change Cala's attitude?

A.With the help of her friends.

B.Through her love and blessings.

C.By showing her talent in music.

D.Through her sincerity and wisdom.

【3】Which of the following can best describe the ending of the story?

A.Exciting.B.Beautiful.

C.Complex.D.shocking.

【4】What does the writer intend to tell us?

A.Do nothing by halves.

B.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

C.A good act will be well rewarded.

D.Without confidence there is no friendship.

【题目】 Brook wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies. So the 6-year-old asked Alexa to get them. Alex, a vice-activated home assistant powered "by artificial intelligence"(Al), made Brooke's wishes come true. A few days later, much to her parents' surprise, four pounds of cookies and a $170 dollhouse showed up. And that's not the end of the story. When a news anchor told Book's story on TV, Alexa devices in many listeners' homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses!

Alexa isn't the only Al willing to order. Apple HomePod has Siri, Google Home has its Assistant, and the upcoming Galaxy Home device will have Bixby. People who own these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather and setting timers. But many experts predict a boom in voice shopping in the near future. Is that a good thing?

Convenience is the main benefit of voice shopping. You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it, even if you're cooking, cleaning, or driving. In addition, people with disabilities who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without assistance.

But voice shopping has its downsides. Unwanted dollhouses aren't the biggest problem. It's usually very easy to cancel an order or return items. The thing that creeps some people out is that these assistants are always listening. They have to be able to respond when you want them. So they listen for "Alexa" or "OK Google" or another command. When they hear it, they start recording the conversation. Some have worried about what happens to these recordings. Should companies be allowed to use them to learn about people's shopping habits? Should police access them to solve a crime? And what if someone hacks the device? The CIA found a way to hack smart TVs to turn them into spies that listen all the time. Others could do the same with any smart device.

【1】The writer mentions Brook and Alex in the first paragraph to __________.

A.share an interesting experienceB.show Brook's eagerness for cookies

C.introduce the topic of voice shoppingD.show the functions of a new smart device

【2】What does the underlined phrase "creeps... out" in the last paragraph most probably mean?

A.Terrifies.B.Affects.

C.Impresses.D.Excites.

【3】According to the passage, what's the major disadvantage of voice shopping?

A.The return policy is complicated.

B.There are safety and privacy concerns.

C.Quality of the goods can't be guaranteed.

D.The device is not smart and reliable enough to process orders.

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The International Olympic Committee took the extraordinary step Tuesday of 【1】 (postpone) the 2020 Tokyo Games, which 【2】(schedule) to start on July 24, because of the coronavirus outbreak.

Just how extraordinary was the step? This marks only the 【3】(four) time since the first modern Olympics in 1896 that the Games have been affected 【4】outside forces. The other three occasions were cancellations during the first and second World Wars. So this is the first time the Olympics have been postponed, rather than【5】(cancel).

“The Tokyo Olympics will still be held,” Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters in Tokyo after a call with International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach on 【6】matter.

The IOC later said in a 【7】(state) that the Games will be “rescheduled to a date beyond 2020 but not 【8】(late) than 2021!”

This time around, it’s a pandemic(疫情), not a war, 【9】 is changing the Olympics schedule. The IOC said that “The leaders agreed that the Olympic Games in Tokyo could stand as a beacon of hope to the world during these times and that the Olympic flame could become the light at the end of the tunnel in which the world finds 【10】(it) at present.”

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