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Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.

November 7th

The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of nanal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil enginerrs”.

December 5th

Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.

February 6th

An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopenling. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.

March 6th

Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book

More into:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson

London Canal Museum

12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT

www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi

Tel:020 77130836

1.When is the talk on James Brindley?

A. February 6th. B. March 6th.

C. November 7th. D. December 5th.

2.What is the topic of the talk in February?

A. The Canal Pioneers.

B. Ice for the Metropolis

C. Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands

D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals

3.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.

A. Miranda Vickers B. Malcolm Tucke

C. Chris Lewis D. Liz Payne

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Exercise seems to be good for the human brain，with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills．But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect — that is，if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise，do our brains respond accordingly？The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives．

While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits，recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect．So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign decided to focus on expectations，on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking．If people’s expectations jibe (吻合) closely with the actual benefits，then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise．

For the new study，which was published last month in PLOS One，the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system，they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (拉伸运动) performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking．The other volunteers were asked the same questions，but about a regular walking program．

In actual experiments，stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on people’s cognitive skills．Walking，on the other hand，seems to substantially improve thinking ability．

But the survey respondents believed the opposite，estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking．The estimates of benefits from walking were lower．

These data，while they do not involve any actual exercise，are good news for people who do exercise．“The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect,” said Cary Stothart，a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University，who led the study．

If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after exercise，Mr．Stothart said，then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching．They didn’t，implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine．

The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may，in the process，improve thinking，Mr．Stothart said．That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how，at a molecular level，exercise remodels the human brain，he said．It also should encourage the rest of us to move，since the benefits are，it seems，not imaginary，even if they are in our head．

1.Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage？

A．It occurs during exercise．

B．It has cognitive benefits．

C．It is just a mental reaction．

D．It is a physiological response．

2.Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research？

A．To discover the placebo effect in the exercise．

B．To prove the previous studies have a big drawback．

C．To test whether exercise can really improve cognition．

D．To encourage more scientists to get involved in the research．

3.What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out？

A．They employed 171 people to take part in the actual exercise．

B．The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists．

C．The participants thought walking had a greater impact on thinking ability．

D．Their conclusion drives scientists to do research on the placebo effect．

4.What might be the best title for the passage？

A．Is it necessary for us to take exercise？

B．How should people exercise properly？

C．What makes us smarter during exercise？

D．Does exercise really make us smarter？

—Mum, where's my packed lunch?

一In the kitchen． I you two sandwiches．

A． make B． am making

C． have made D． will make

A certain good woman one day said something that hurt her best friend of many years. She regretted it immediately and would have done anything to have taken the words back. So she went to an older, wiser woman in the village and advice.

Listening to her, the older woman the younger woman’s distress and knew she must help her. She also knew she could ease her pain, but she could teach.

Then, she said. “There are things you need to do. The first is extremely difficult. Tonight, Take your best pillows and open a small hole in each one. Then, the sun rises, you must put a single feather on the doorstep of each house in town. When you are through, to me. If you’ve done the first thing , I’ll tell you the second.”

The young woman hurried home to prepare for her chore, the pillows were very to her and very expensive.

All night long, she went from doorstep to doorstep. Her fingers were . The wind was so sharp that it caused her eyes to water, but she ran on through the streets, that there was something she could do to put things the way they once were. Finally she placed the last feather on the steps of the last house. Just as the sun rose, she returned to the older woman.

She was exhausted but ,thinking that her efforts would be rewarded.

“Now,” said the wise woman, “Go back and your pillows. Then everything will be as it was before.”

The young woman was stunned, “You know that’s impossible! The wind each feather as fast as I placed them on the doorsteps! You didn’t say I had to get them back! If this is the second , then things will never be the same.”

“That’s true,” said the older woman. “Never forget. Each of your words is like a feather in the wind. Once , no amount of effort, how heartfelt or sincere, can ever return them to your mouth. Choose your words well and guard them most of all in the presence of those you love.”

1.A. asked about B. asked for C. asked to D. ask around

2.A. witnessed B. touched C. guessed D. sensed

3.A. ever B. almost C. never D. seldom

4.A. one B. two C. three D. four

5.A. feather B. leather C. woolen D. cotton

6.A. when B. after C. as D. before

7.A. come back B. go back C. put back D. draw back

8.A. promptly B. absolutely C. completely D. unfortunately

9.A. so as to B. even though C. now that D. in spite of

10.A. hard B. rare C. nice D. dear

11.A. freezing B. freezingly C. froze D. frozen

12.A. brightened B. widened C. darkened D. broadened

13.A. amazing B. lucky C. thankful D. surprising

14.A. on B. up C. off D. back

15.A. tired B. relieved C. grateful D. nervous

16.A. refill B. get C. purchase D. seek

17.A. blew up B. blew on C. blew away D. blew over

18.A. requirement B. situation C. consequence D. circumstance

19.A. speak B. spoken C. speaking D. being spoken

20.A. however B. whatever C. although D. regardless

Since around the later part of the 1950s, society started to realize that tobacco cigarettes caused health problems. As research progressed along with increasing numbers of people that developed lung cancer, emphysema, and other smoking related illnesses, cigarette smoking has become less accepted and popular. Unfortunately, the nicotine contained in cigarettes is one of the most addictive substances on the planet and makes quitting smoking one of the hardest things to do. In 2003, Chinese pharmacist, Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer, and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine after his father, a heavy smoker, passed away from lung cancer attributed to smoking tobacco cigarettes.

Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette in 2003 and afterwards introduced e-cigs to the Chinese market in the following year through his employer, Golden Dragon Holdings. Golden Dragon Holdings later changed the company’s name to “Ruyan” in order to better match the company’s name(Ruyan means “almost like smoke”)to the new product. Since the renaming, the Ruyan company has continued e-cigarette development and grown to be one of the largest global e-cig manufactures.

Dr.Sam Han, CEO of Cixi E-CIG Technology, Inc, Ltd. also has a number of e-cig related inventions, including four patents in the United States and two in China that are electronic cigarette and e-liquid technology related. Similar to Hon Lik’s father. Dr. Han was a heavy smoker for more than 40 years before beginning to work on electronic cigarette technologies in order to help himself and others make the shift to vapor smoking. Dr.Han continues to market and conduct R&D in e-cig related techonologies to this date.

After the successful deployment of Ruyan and Cixi E-CIG electronic cigarettes in China and Asia, the products started to be sold in significant quantities on the Internet.

1.How many years is it since the electronic cigarette was first invented according to the passage?

A. About 5 years. B. About 11 years.

C. About15 years. D.About 20 years.

2.What’s the direct reason why Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette according to the passage ?

A.Tobacco cigarettes caused health problems.

B.Tobacco cigarettes were too expensive for customers to buy.

C.Quitting smoking became one of the hardest things to do.

D.His father died from lung cancer due to smoking tobacco cigarettes.

3.Since when have Chinese smokers have been able to buy Hon Lik’s electronic cigarettes according to the passage?

A.2000. B.2003. C.2004. D.2005.

4.What’s the correct order of the following events according to the passage?

① Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette.

② Hon Lik’s father died from lung cancer because of smoking tobacco cigarettes.

③ Hon Lik’s electronic cigarettes were introduced to the Chinese market.

④ The name of the company Golden Dragon Holdings was changed to “Ruyan”.

A. ①③②④ B.①④②③ C.②④①③ D.②①③④

—Have you got any job offers?

—No. I ________. Hopefully, I will get one by the end of this month.

A. waited

B. had been waiting

C. have waited

D. am waiting

C

People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, and don’t realize that they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.

Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.

The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook—you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things—your city, your photo, your friends’ names—were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.

According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience.”

Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?

The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senators rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.

I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade（侵犯）our privacy, it’s only the beginning，which is why I’m considering deactivating（撤销） my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.

1.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?

A. It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.

B. It makes money by putting on advertisements.

C. It earns money by selling its user’s personal data

D. It provides a lot of information to its users

2.What does the author say about most Facebook users?

A. They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook

B. They are unwilling to give up their personal information

C. They don’t identify themselves when using website

D. They care very little about their personal information

3.Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?

A. To help its users make more friends

B. To obey the Federal guidelines

C. To make money by attracting more users

D. To offer better service to its users

4.What does Senator Charles Schumer argue for?

A. Setting guidelines for advertising on websites

B. Setting rules for social-networking sites

C. Stopping sharing user’s personal information

D. Removing ads from all social-networking sites

5.Why does the author plan to stop using his Facebook account?

A. He is dissatisfied with its service.

B. He finds many of its users untrustworthy.

C. He doesn’t want his personal data abused.

D. He is upset by its frequent rule changes.

D

It is widely acknowledged that it is by no means an easy task to bring up a child well. And our ancestors already understood it well．“It takes an entire village to raise a child．”That’s an old proverb that is being quoted more and more often these days．And I’m pleased about that．

Today，more and more schools are reaching out to involve parents, community members and businesses to help shape a child’s future.

Parents need to be involved in their children’s education in many ways．Helping children with homework and studying，going on a field trip，teaching a craft(手工艺)or coaching a child's sports team are all great ways to be involved with your child's education．And don’t forget to communicate with teachers — they need and respect your input．Studies show that children learn more and schools function better when parents and schools work together．It’s important to stay in touch with your child's education all through his or her school career．

Communities can help children create and achieve new goals．Help with homework, read to a child，coach a children's team，or provide emotional support．Help solve problems and build self-esteem(自尊).Kids need role models and advisers can be role models by sharing their experiences and wisdom．

Businesses can also help shape our children’s future．invite a class from your local school to visit your workplace．You may be providing a glimpse that opens a new world of possibilities．Show students what goes on during a typical day．Give a mini course for students：how to use a computer；how products are made；how machinery works. You may have a developing electrician，teacher，nurse，or even a newspaper reporter on your hands.

It really does take an entire village to raise a child．So share the responsibility— and the joy— of bringing a child to his or her full potential．

1.The implied advice in the proverb“It takes an entire village to raise a child．” is that ____________．

A．All the people in a village should give food to a child

B．More than one party is responsible for a child’s future

C．Children should be brought up in the village where they were born

D．Schools should be set up in the village where a child was raised

2.According to the text，_____________ should talk with teachers to keep in touch with children’s growth?

A．community members B．businesses

C．organizations D．parents

3.The text was written mainly for ______________．

A．newspaper reporters and developing electricians

B．school teachers and students

C．parents and membetrs in organizations

D．education experts and government officials

4.Students can get developed in practical working s kill through ___________.

A．business training B. communlty activities

C．parental involvement D．school teaching

5.Which of the following can be the main idea of idea text?

A．Parents play an important part in children’s education．

B．Communities have no effect on the way to new and high ideals．

C．Parents and other organizations should all be responsible for children’s growth

D．Businesses may arrange softie training courses for students．

If I can help_______, I don’t like working late into the night.

A. so B. that

C. it D. them

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