Last night, I was waiting for a taxi. After 5 minutes, I was  36 . The driver seemed to be angry. I asked him what the   37  was. He said he had just come from the airport without a   38  , which was basically $70 in lost fare.
Over the course of the ride, the anger   39  died down. He mentioned he had read an article saying the   40  people are the ones that give, so he hoped he’d have more   41  to give in his life. I was starting to   42  being with him! We continued talking about why   43  is so beneficial both to the giver and the receiver and different ways to   44  it.
As we arrived at my destination,  I  45  my fare. But I pulled out an extra $20 and said, “Since we’ve been talking about this whole time, I wanted to share that   46  with you. I’ve already paid my fare, but here’s an extra little bit. You can   47  it, since you’re already down $70 from the airport. But if you want to experience the  48 of the gift, then tell the next passenger in this taxi that their ride is a gift from another and they can   49 their gratitude(感激) in whatever way.”
The man turned toward me, tears in his eyes, and said, “Sir, I have a better   50  . You give that $20 to a   51  person around here and I’ll treat the next passenger with a   52  ride myself.
Wow. This man was   53  10 minutes ago. I got out and walked around trying to   54 someone who needed help before heading to my destination.
It was an honor meeting that driver and    55   the lesson of how everyone is capable of giving.

【小题1】
A.gotten offB.put offC.called upD.picked up
【小题2】
A.questionB.timeC.problemD.cost
【小题3】
A.friendB.strangerC.driverD.customer
【小题4】
A.neverB.evenC.slowlyD.quickly
【小题5】
A.happiestB.poorestC.richestD.strongest
【小题6】
A.kindnessB.chancesC.suggestionsD.money
【小题7】
A.mindB.stopC.allowD.enjoy
【小题8】
A.collectingB.givingC.receivingD.existing
【小题9】
A.practiceB.explainC.watchD.consider
【小题10】
A.printedB.recordedC.paidD.examined
【小题11】
A.adventureB.informationC.languageD.feeling
【小题12】
A.refuseB.raiseC.keepD.spend
【小题13】
A.directionB.powerC.weightD.size
【小题14】
A.shareB.earnC.forgetD.miss
【小题15】
A.giftB.ideaC.opinionD.ride
【小题16】
A.homelessB.nativeC.niceD.brave
【小题17】
A.longB.comfortableC.freeD.safe
【小题18】
A.boredB.tiredC.rudeD.angry
【小题19】
A.saveB.findC.protectD.tell
【小题20】
A.learningB.preparingC.finishingD.providing

We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).

Markets and queues — paying and waiting — are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.

The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.

Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.

But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.

Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered — at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks — are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

1.63.According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”?

A. Flying with an airline    B. Buying houses

C. Taking buses           D. Visiting amusement parks

2.64.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 shows ______.

A. the necessity of patience in queuing

B. the advantage of modern technology

C. the uncertainty of allocation principle

D. the fairness of telephonic services

3.65.The passage is meant to ______.

A. discuss the morals of allocating things

B. justify paying for faster services

C. analyze the reason for standing in line

D. criticize the behavior of queue jumping

 

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