题目内容

We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).

Markets and queues — paying and waiting — are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.

The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.

Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.

But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.

Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered — at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks — are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

1.63.According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”?

A. Flying with an airline    B. Buying houses

C. Taking buses           D. Visiting amusement parks

2.64.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 shows ______.

A. the necessity of patience in queuing

B. the advantage of modern technology

C. the uncertainty of allocation principle

D. the fairness of telephonic services

3.65.The passage is meant to ______.

A. discuss the morals of allocating things

B. justify paying for faster services

C. analyze the reason for standing in line

D. criticize the behavior of queue jumping

 

【答案】

 

1.C

2.C

3.A

【解析】

试题分析:

1.C考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops可知,在运动场上和公共汽车站,捷足先得的规则似乎是正确的。故选C。

2.C考查推理判断。根据文章第五段中的Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.可知,公司会给那些来自富裕地方的人们提供更快捷的方法,你可能会称之为电话插对。所以这就表明了“分配原则的不确定性”。故选C。

3.A考查文章的主旨大意。文章通篇都在讨论分配的道德原则问题。所以A正确。

考点:考查议论文的阅读理解。

 

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Museum of the Moving Image(MMI)(Monday Closed)
As the best museum in New York City and with a balance of hands-on(实际操作的)activities and information, it’s the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of different ages. It’s a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple hours.
Pros—Excellent movie screenings. Easy subway access.
Cons—Difficult to reach by Car.
New York Hall of Science(NYHS)(Monday Closed)
Being New York City’s only hand son science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum focusing on its audience of children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and it’s a fun destination for ages 5 and up. Older folks might take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but don’t bother unless you’ve kids to keep you company.
Pros—Cool interactive science exhibits, the rockets.
Cons—Hard to reach by public transportation.
Queens County Farm Museum(QCFM)(Year-round 7 days a week)
It is an actual farm in New York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruit can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cows! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licked by sheep and goats.
Pros—Outdoor fun.
Cons—Expensive festivals, long bus ride, no subway.
Queens Museum of Art(QMA)(Monday and Tuesday Closed)
Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center in New York City, it exhibits art by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two World’s Fairs. and of course,the Panorama of New York City, a giant , highly detailed diorama(透景画)of all five New York City boroughs. 行政区)
Pros—The Panorama, Great gift shop. Easy subway access.
Cons—Not much for kids.
【小题1】The least likely choice for 5-year-old Jack to make among the museums is______.
A.T MMI B.T NYHS C.QMA D.QCFM
【小题2】According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?
A.All the museums mentioned above lie in New York City.
B.No other museum in New York City is better than MMI.
C.Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums.
D.NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America.
【小题3】We can know from the text that______.
A.visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subway
B.people can visit only one of the any day
C.there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMI
D.the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop
【小题4】In which museum can you enjoy outdoor fun?
A.MMI. B.NYHS.    C.QCFM.    D.QMA.

 

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

I love spending weekends with my grandparents. I felt especially welcome and    36    in Grany’s small kitchen. It was there that we had conversations and Grany always seemed to include a bit of    37    with every recipe she prepared.

I remember one Saturday morning    38   . After breakfast I asked Grany, “What kind of soup are you making today?” “Vegetable beef,” she answered, “And you can help by chopping some carrots and celery.” As I slowly peeled carrots, I    39   , “I’ve got to give an oral work report next week and I’m    40   .”

Grany looked at me and said, “Most people are afraid of    41    speaking. But remember, the only thing you have to fear is fear    42   .”

“But I don’t like standing up in front of everybody.    43    I forget what I’m going to say?”

“Have you prepared    44   ?” asked Grany.

“Well, no. That would be a lot of    45    work.”

“But do you like my soup?” she asked. Soup? I wondered. I thought we were talking about my life.

“I love your soup, Grany.” I said.

“Well, you know, a lot of people don’t    46    homemade soup these days. They say it’s too much trouble. First you have to cook a nice broth(肉汤)and then chop all the vegetables into bite-size pieces.”

“But I don’t    47    a little trouble,” she said. “It adds variety and flavor to my soup and to my life. My soup would be    48    bland(淡而无味的)without the vegetables, and so would my life if it didn’t have the little    49   .”

After pausing she added, “Besides, you have to remember God knows exactly    50    he’s cooking up in your life. You’ve got to trust him with the recipe.” She smiled and then walked to the sink to start washing the dishes.

While I help Grany  51  , I thought as well what she had said. I still had a few days to  52    my oral report.

That Saturday, Grany gave me food for thought as well as a bowl of her homemade soup. Every spoonful of Grany’s masterpiece was    53    with delicious bits of meat and vegetables. As I enjoyed the meal with my grandparents,    54    my problems didn’t seem quite so big any more. I was determined to work on them. Grany had said hard work    55   . Maybe I too could turn a little trouble into something as special as Grany’s homemade soup.tesoon

36. A. experienced                B. relaxed                     C. withdrawn                D. tortured

37. A. wisdom                            B. affection                  C. anecdote                   D. fantasy

38. A. as usual                            B. above all                  C. in general                 D. in particular

39. A. wept                          B. suspected                  C. complained               D. mourned

40. A. scared                        B. received                   C. conservative             D. deliberate

41. A. public                        B. private                            C. personal                   D. authentic

42. A. others                        B. itself                        C. audience                   D. judges

43. A. Only if                      B. How come                C. So what                   D. What if

44. A. assessment                 B. regulation                 C. deadline                   D. notes

45. A. absolute                            B. subjective                 C. extra                        D. flexible

46. A. decorate                     B. inspect                            C. make                       D. foresee

47. A. add                           B. mind                        C. expose                     D. appoint

48. A. even                          B. pretty                       C. much                       D. far

49. A. ups and downs            B. part and parcel          C. cats and dogs            D. pros and cons

50. A. how                          B. when                       C. what                        D. where

51. A. eat up                        B. do up                       C. pick up                    D. clean up

52. A. distribute                   B. practice                    C. boycott                    D. decline

53. A. loaded                       B. equipped                  C. reformed                       D. resisted

54. A. therefore                    B. however                   C. somehow                  D. moreover

55. A. left off                      B. kept off                    C. took off                   D. paid off

 

 

Museum of the Moving Image(MMI)(Monday Closed)

As the best museum in New York City and with a balance of hands-on(实际操作的)activities and information, it’s the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of different ages. It’s a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple hours.

Pros—Excellent movie screenings. Easy subway access.

Cons—Difficult to reach by Car.

New York Hall of Science(NYHS)(Monday Closed)

Being New York City’s only hand son science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum focusing on its audience of children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and it’s a fun destination for ages 5 and up. Older folks might take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but don’t bother unless you’ve kids to keep you company.

Pros—Cool interactive science exhibits, the rockets.

Cons—Hard to reach by public transportation.

Queens County Farm Museum(QCFM)(Year-round 7 days a week)

It is an actual farm in New York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruit can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cows! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licked by sheep and goats.

Pros—Outdoor fun.

Cons—Expensive festivals, long bus ride, no subway.

Queens Museum of Art(QMA)(Monday and Tuesday Closed)

Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center in New York City, it exhibits art by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two World’s Fairs. and of course,the Panorama of New York City, a giant , highly detailed diorama(透景画)of all five New York City boroughs. 行政区)

Pros—The Panorama, Great gift shop. Easy subway access.

Cons—Not much for kids.

1.The least likely choice for 5-year-old Jack to make among the museums is______.

    A.T MMI          B.T NYHS         C.QMA            D.QCFM

2.According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?

    A.All the museums mentioned above lie in New York City.

    B.No other museum in New York City is better than MMI.

    C.Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums.

    D.NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America.

3.We can know from the text that______.

    A.visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subway

    B.people can visit only one of the any day

    C.there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMI

    D.the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop

4.In which museum can you enjoy outdoor fun?

    A.MMI. B.NYHS.    C.QCFM.    D.QMA.

 

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

I love spending weekends with my grandparents. I felt especially welcome and    36    in Grany’s small kitchen. It was there that we had conversations and Grany always seemed to include a bit of    37    with every recipe she prepared.

I remember one Saturday morning    38   . After breakfast I asked Grany, “What kind of soup are you making today?” “Vegetable beef,” she answered, “And you can help by chopping some carrots and celery.” As I slowly peeled carrots, I    39   , “I’ve got to give an oral work report next week and I’m    40   .”

Grany looked at me and said, “Most people are afraid of    41    speaking. But remember, the only thing you have to fear is fear    42   .”

“But I don’t like standing up in front of everybody.    43    I forget what I’m going to say?”

“Have you prepared    44   ?” asked Grany.

“Well, no. That would be a lot of    45    work.”

“But do you like my soup?” she asked. Soup? I wondered. I thought we were talking about my life.

“I love your soup, Grany.” I said.

“Well, you know, a lot of people don’t    46    homemade soup these days. They say it’s too much trouble. First you have to cook a nice broth(肉汤)and then chop all the vegetables into bite-size pieces.”

“But I don’t    47    a little trouble,” she said. “It adds variety and flavor to my soup and to my life. My soup would be    48    bland(淡而无味的)without the vegetables, and so would my life if it didn’t have the little    49   .”

After pausing she added, “Besides, you have to remember God knows exactly    50    he’s cooking up in your life. You’ve got to trust him with the recipe.” She smiled and then walked to the sink to start washing the dishes.

While I help Grany  51  , I thought as well what she had said. I still had a few days to  52    my oral report.

That Saturday, Grany gave me food for thought as well as a bowl of her homemade soup. Every spoonful of Grany’s masterpiece was    53    with delicious bits of meat and vegetables. As I enjoyed the meal with my grandparents,    54    my problems didn’t seem quite so big any more. I was determined to work on them. Grany had said hard work    55   . Maybe I too could turn a little trouble into something as special as Grany’s homemade soup.tesoon

36. A. experienced                B. relaxed                     C. withdrawn                D. tortured

37. A. wisdom                            B. affection                  C. anecdote                   D. fantasy

38. A. as usual                            B. above all                  C. in general                 D. in particular

39. A. wept                          B. suspected                  C. complained               D. mourned

40. A. scared                        B. received                   C. conservative             D. deliberate

41. A. public                        B. private                            C. personal                   D. authentic

42. A. others                        B. itself                        C. audience                   D. judges

43. A. Only if                      B. How come                C. So what                   D. What if

44. A. assessment                 B. regulation                 C. deadline                   D. notes

45. A. absolute                            B. subjective                 C. extra                        D. flexible

46. A. decorate                     B. inspect                            C. make                       D. foresee

47. A. add                           B. mind                        C. expose                     D. appoint

48. A. even                          B. pretty                       C. much                       D. far

49. A. ups and downs            B. part and parcel          C. cats and dogs            D. pros and cons

50. A. how                          B. when                       C. what                        D. where

51. A. eat up                        B. do up                       C. pick up                    D. clean up

52. A. distribute                   B. practice                    C. boycott                    D. decline

53. A. loaded                       B. equipped                  C. reformed                       D. resisted

54. A. therefore                    B. however                   C. somehow                  D. moreover

55. A. left off                      B. kept off                    C. took off                   D. paid off

阅读理解
Museum of the Moving Image(MMI) (Monday Closed) As the best museum in New York City and with a balance of hands-on(实际操作的)activities and information, it's the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of different ages. It's a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple hours.  Pros - Excellent movie screenings. Easy subway access.  Cons - Difficult to reach by car.
New York Hall of Science(NYHS) (Monday Closed) Being New York City's only hands-on science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum focused on its audience of children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and it's a fun destination for ages 5 and up. Older folks might take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but don't bother unless you've kids to keep you company. Pros - Cool interactive science exhibits, the rockets.  Cons - Hard to reach by public transportation.
Queens County Farm Museum(QCFM) (Year-round 7 days a week) It is an actual farm in New York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruit can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cow! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licked by sheep and goats. Pros - Outdoor fun. Cons - Expensive Festivals, long bus ride, no subway.
Queens Museum of Art(QMA) (Monday and Tuesday Closed) Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center for the borough(行政区), it exhibits art by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two World's Fairs, and of course, the Panorama of New York City, a giant, highly detailed diorama(透景画)of all five New York City boroughs.  Pros - The Panorama!, great gift shop. Easy subway access. Cons - not much for kids.


1. The least likely choice for 5-year-old Jack to make among the museums is         .

A. MMI          
B. NYHS          
C. QMA          
D. QCFM

2. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?

A. All the museums mentioned above lie in New York City.    
B. No other museum in New York City is better than MMI.
C. Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums.
D. NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America.

3. We can know from the text that         .

A. people can visit only one of the museums any time and any day
B. visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subway
C. there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMI
D. the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop

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