题目内容
11．There are endless motivations for human behaviour，from the basic drives for food to more complicated ones，such as sympathy，envy and anger．But none of these explain behaviours that we call compulsions （强迫症）．They come from a need that is desperate and tortured （折磨）．They may bring relief，but they bring little enjoyment，and while one part of our brain desperately wishes to stop them，another is afraid of stopping．I used to view compulsions as foreign and almost frightening．But in the course of my research，two things happened．First，when I got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didn't seem unreasonable at all．Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers （另类人），the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal．
Over any year，many of us find ourselves in the control of a compulsion that falls short of something that is disabling enough to qualify as a mental disorder-in fact，some compulsions are adaptive，helping us lead our lives or perform our jobs more effectively．
Like many people，maybe you feel forced to reach for your smart phone as soon as you wake up in the morning．Fortunately a growing number of experts have begun to succeed in distinguishing addictions from compulsions．
An addiction begins with a flash of pleasure accompanied with danger； it's fun to gamble or to drink，and it also puts you at risk．Addictions involve acting without planning or even thought，driven by an urge for immediate satisfaction．Compulsions，in contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes．They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences．But the actual behaviour is often unpleasant-or at least not particularly rewarding，especially after many rounds of it．
Behind every compulsion is the need to avoid what causes you pain or anxiety．Compulsive behaviour is not necessarily a mental disorder．Some forms of it can be，and people in its control deserve to be diagnosed and helped．But many are expressions of psychological needs we all feel：to be at peace and in control，to feel connected and to matter．And if those are mental illnesses，we're all crazy．
56．From the first two paragraphs，we know thatC．
A．compulsions can bring relief as well as enjoyment
B．compulsive people will prefer unreasonable behaviour
C．compulsions may be an understandable response to anxiety
D．compulsive people must be frightening and behave differently
57．The main difference between addictions and compulsions lies inC．
A．human relationships
B．financial rewards
C．internal drives
D．social expectations
58．What's the author's attitude towards compulsion？A
A．Objective．B．Negative．C．Doubtful．D．Cautious．
分析 短文作者主要介绍了强迫症的由来，并通过其与上瘾进行对比，来说明强迫症也是可理解的．
解答 56．C，推理判断题，根据句子First，when I got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didn't seem unreasonable at all．Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers （另类人），the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal可以推测，强迫症可能是对焦虑做出的一种可理解的反应，故答案为C．
57．C，推理判断题，根据句子Addictions involve acting without planning or even thought，driven by an urge for immediate satisfaction．Compulsions，in contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes．They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences可知，上瘾是没有任何计划和想法，只为了立刻得到满足；而强迫症是对有可能造成负面结果的焦虑进行释放，因此两者最大的区别在于内心的驱动，故答案为C．
58．A，态度观点题，短文作者主要介绍了强迫症的由来，并通过其与上瘾进行对比，作者在文中没有表明自己过多的观点，只是客观介绍，因此其态度是客观的，故答案为A．
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题，首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准．
