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(2016·浙江)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing…right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this "play" is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用): bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it," It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children."

1.According to some developmental psychologists, .

A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game

B. scientific research into babies’ games is possible

C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated

D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment

2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .

A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently

B. scientists and babies often interact with each other

C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support

D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

3.Children may learn the rules of language by .

A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology

C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors

4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.

B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.

C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

5. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?

A. Convincing. B. Confused.

C. Confident. D. Cautious.

Do you know that a fast reader can get the ideas better than a slow reader can? Of course, you save time by reading fast, but this is not the main reason for fast reading. The main reason is that you understand better what you are reading when you read fast.

As your eyes move along the line of print, they make fixations (固定) or pauses. It is important that you see several words at a fixation. It is also important that your eyes leave a group of words quickly and move on to another group. The number of letters or words that you see at a fixation is called your eye span. Pay more attention to improving your rate of reading. With practice you can learn to read faster than you usually read.

The way in which you read always depends on what you are reading and for what purpose. You should know the different ways of reading so that you can apply whatever method that is necessary. Here are four ways of reading:

(1) Skimming is an important kind of reading. This method can be used when you wish to review something that you have forgotten. You can skim to get the main points.

(2) Rapid first reading and then rereading certain parts carefully is important. You may use this type of reading to study a science lesson or a history lesson.

(3) You need to do careful reading and rereading sometimes. This type of reading is necessary for making an intensive (精深的) study of your school subjects, solving Maths problems or reading directions.

(4) Rapid reading is used when reading stories for enjoyment. you may also do rapid reading when reviewing material that you already know well.

1.The main reason for reading fast is that you can _______what you are fast reading.

A. get the ideas B. save time C. understand better D. learn well

2.The way of reading always depends on _______.

A. the method that you like B. your reading material

C. your reading purpose D. both B and C

3.The underlined word "skimming" in the fourth paragraph means _______.

A. reading very fast

B. looking carefully

C. reading only the main points

D. reading some parts of the material

4.We can learn ________ from the passage.

A. We can use different ways of reading flexibly when we read different materials..

B. We can only use one reading skill when we read something..

C. Rapid reading is used when you solve Maths problems .

D. We must use all the ways of reading when we do some reading.

Krystal was ten when her parents divorced (离婚). By the time she was 12, her mother ________ and they lived in Cloverport, Kentucky. Danny, her new stepfather (继父), drove a truck. When he was home, he tried ________ to be friends. But teenage Krystal was like ice. “The divorce really made me________. I was heartbroken.

In the summer of 1984, Danny stopped at a Texas rest stop around midnight when he ________ a purple tour bus. The printed name “Prince” caught his eye. He’d heard of this Prince and knew Krystal and her friends ________ his songs. He knocked on the bus door. Prince himself stepped down the stairs. “My stepdaughter likes your ________. Can I ask you for your autograph?”

With no ________ on hand, Prince reached for the purple bandanna (头巾) on his head and ________ it. Danny called Krystal’s mom ________. “Krystal likes Prince, right?” “Of course, Danny. She’ll love it.” Mom hung up the phone and ________ Krystal. Then Krystal told all 13 people in her class _______. By the time Danny pulled up to the house a few days later, the entire population of Cloverport ________ the purple bandanna that was making its way to Krystal.

But no one knew what had ________ after Danny hung up the phone. After ________ Prince, he’d been walking back to his truck when another trucker ________ him. “Hey, man, my son is a huge fan. Are you willing to make a ________?”

Arriving home in Cloverport that summer day, his hands behind his back, Danny stepped out of his truck. “I hope I made the ________ decision.” Danny said. “I know you like Prince, ________ I thought you’d like a Walkman (随身听) more.” When her stepfather presented his offer of ________, Krystal was moved to tears.

“From then on, I grew to love him not only as a father but as a friend. All he ever wanted was to make me ________,” said Krystal.

1.A. remarried B. left C. moved D. returned

2.A. again B. hard C. lightly D. violently

3.A. nervous B. surprised C. tired D. sad

4.A. saw B. drove C. took D. missed

5.A. hated B. remembered C. liked D. wrote

6.A. music B. movie C. book D. car

7.A. ticket B. money C. paper D. pen

8.A. showed B. sold C. threw D. signed

9.A. at once B. on time C. just now D. once more

10.A. heard B. told C. praised D. answered

11.A. secretly B. weakly C. nervously D. excitedly

12.A. knew about B. worried about C. prepared for D. looked for

13.A. Changed B. Appeared C. found D. happened

14.A. bothering B. catching C. meeting D. helping

15.A. treated B. stopped C. followed D. hit

16.A. decision B. mistake C. trade D. wish

17.A. right B. final C. difficult D. different

18.A. and B. so C. but D. or

19.A. hope B. love C. joy D. trust

20.A. happy B. lucky C. brave D. confident

阅读下面材料,在题后空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Louis Armstrong, the most influential jazz musicians, is considered great not only because of his1. (achieve) but also because of his personalities.

2.(bear) in a poor family in New Orleans in 1901, instead of3.(commit) crimes to get money like some boys in his situation, Louis would sing on the streets in order to earn a few cents from4.(passer-by).However, at the age of 12, Louis was arrested because of firing a gun into the air at a New Year’s Eve party.In a school of problem boys, he was taught to play drums and the trumpet,5. enabled him to find work related with music after he left the school.A well-known musician Joe “King” Oliver noticed Louis and began to teach him about jazz.When Oliver left New Orleans in 1917,Louis took 6.his job in one of the best bands in town.

After becoming famous, Louis would introduce his particular style of jazz to enthusiastic audiences while 7.(travel) around the United States as well as Europe.Apart from being a famous jazz musician, he was also an unofficial goodwill ambassador who spoke8.(public) about the rights of black people in America. Despite the fact9.he became rich and famous, Louis Armstrong continued to live a simple live in a working-class neighbourhood.He continued playing and recording until July 6th, 1971, when he died in his sleep at his home in New York.He is still remembered as the most10.(distinguish) musician in the early history of jazz.

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