Question

A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious(勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable or unwilling—to “play the game”.
“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative(工于心计的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying(游说) and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying, to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.”
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery(奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
小题1:“Office politics” is used in the passage to refer to________.

A．the political views and beliefs of office workers

B．the interpersonal relationships within a company

C．the various qualities required for a successful career

D． the code of behavior for company staff

小题2:To get promoted, one must not only be competent but________.

A．avoid being too outstanding

B．get along well with his colleagues

C．honest and loyal to his company

D．give his boss a good impression

小题3:The author considers office politics to be________.

A．unwelcome at the workplace

B．bad for interpersonal relationships

C．an important factor for personal advancement

D．indispensable to the development of company culture

小题4:It is the author’s view that________.

A．self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery

B．hard work contributes very little to one’s promotion

C．many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery

D．speaking up for oneself is part of human nature

Answer 1

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A

小题1:B 词义猜测题。根据 In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well 可知 Office politics 主要指的是处理公司范围内的社交人际关系问题。
小题2:D 事实细节题。根据 You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes…It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying, to please your superior, and then expecting something in return可知要想得到提升光靠努力工作是不行的，还得给老板留下一个好的印象。
小题3:C推理判断题。根据 But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature 可知，作者认为office politics是个人进步(提升)的一个重要因素。
小题4:A 观点态度题。根据 Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion 可知，个人提升并不一定意味着奉承。