题目内容

【题目】Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the message that all men 【1】 (create) equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil w ar, 【2】 (test) w hether that nation can long endure (忍耐). We are met on a great battle-field of that w ar. We have come to dedicate a portion (一部分) of that field, as a final resting p lace for those who here gave their 【3】 (life) so that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. 【4】 in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate this ground. The brave men, liv ing and 【5】 (die), who struggled here, have dedicated (奉献) it. The w orld will hard ly note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, 【6】 living, to be dedicated here to the 【7】 (finish) work which those who fought here have so far advanced. It is rather for us 【8】 (devote) here to the great task remain ing before us -- that from these honored dead we should take increased devotion to that cause (事业), 【9】 which they were fully devoted -- that we are firmly 【10】 (determine) that those dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

【答案】

【1】 are created

【2】 testing

【3】 lives

【4】 But

【5】 dead

【6】 the

【7】 unfinished

【8】 be devoted

【9】 to

【10】 determined

【解析】

本文是已故美国总统林肯的演讲。林肯的演讲纪念那些为新国家的诞生献出生命的人们，同时号召活着的人们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业。

【1】考查被动语态。句意：八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上诞生了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，并致力于传递所有人人生而平等的信息。在定语从句the message that all men ___1___ (create) equal.中all men和create之间是被动关系，结合句意此空用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为are created。

【2】考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：现在我们正在进行一场伟大的内战，考验这个国家能否长久存在下去。此处是现在分词做伴随状语，故答案为testing。

【3】考查名词复数。句意：我们来到这里，奉献了这一领域的一部分，作为那些为了让这个国家得以生存在这里献出生命的人的最后的安息之地。此处life（生命），根据前面的their，可知用名词复数形式，故答案为lives。

【4】考查并列连词。句意：我们应该这样做是完全合适和恰当的。但在更大的意义上，我们不能奉献这块土地。前后是一种转折关系，故答案为But。

【5】考查形容词。句意：那些在这里挣扎的勇士们，活着的或死去的，已经把自己奉献给了它。此处用形容词dead与living（活着的）对应。故答案为dead。

【6】考查定冠词。句意：对我们来说，那些在这里战斗的人们，献身于尚未完成的工作，到目前为止已经取得了进步。the living活着的人们，故答案为the。

【7】考查过去分词。句意：对我们来说，那些在这里战斗的人们，献身于尚未完成的工作，到目前为止已经取得了进步。此处是过去分词做前置定语，故答案为unfinished。

【8】考查动词不定式。句意：倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的精神。be devoted to致力于---，故答案为to be devoted。

【9】考查介词。句意：倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业。此处是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，根据be devoted to，可知答案为to。

【10】考查固定搭配。句意：我们坚定地认为，那些死去的人不会白白死去。be determined that---，下决心---，故答案为determined。

the+adj.的语法特点

1. 复数性

“the+形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时,通常表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数.如：The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富,贫者愈贫。

2. 单数性

“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念,则表示单数意义,用作主语时,谓语要用单数.如：He doesn’t know the right from the wrong. 他不辨是非。

3. 单复性

有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义,也表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定.如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义,指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义,指多名被告时表复数意义.比较：

The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪.(指一人)

The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪.(指多人)

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