题目内容

       “Pay has little to do with motivation in the workplace”. That’s the argument put forward by best-selling author Daniel Pink in his new book, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. “Pay for performance is supposed to be a folk tale,” he says.

       Daniel argues that, if employees receive a basic level of payment, three other factors matter more than money: a sense of independence, of mastery over one’s labor, and of serving a purpose larger than oneself. For example, in 2008 at the offices of Best Buy’s Richfield, salaried workers there were allowed to organize their own work day, putting in only as many hours as they felt necessary to get their jobs done. Productivity increased by 35% according to The Harvard Business Review.

       But the managers at Goldman Sachs aren’t exactly making some efforts to adjust. Like others on Wall Street, the banking giant argues that fat bonuses (extra rewards) are essential to make its numbers. “That’s exactly the attitude that leads to the recent financial crisis in the United States,” responds Daniel, “as managers always focus on short-term rewards that encourage cheating, shortcuts, and dishonest behavior.”

       Moreover, the 45-year-old author and former Al Gore speechwriter refers to social-science experiments and experiences at such workplaces as Google and 3M. In one 2005 experiment he describes, economists working for the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston tested the power of incentives (激励) by offering cash rewards to those who did well in games that included reciting a series of numbers and throwing tennis balls at a target. The researchers’ finding: Over and over, higher incentives led to worse performance --- and those given the highest incentives did the poorest job.

       From this and other cases, Daniel draws a conclusion that monetary incentives remove the element of play and creativity, transforming “an interesting task into a dull one.” It’s even possible, he adds, for oversized rewards to have dangerous side effects, like those of a drug dependency in which an addicted requires ever larger amounts. He refers to scientific testing that shows the promise of cash rewards increase a chemical in the brain similar to that brought on by cocaine or nicotine.

       Daniel, however, is also aware that his company examples --- no GE, no IBM, no Microsoft --- hardly represent the commanding heights of the economy. But he thinks his approach will catch on, even in the biggest companies. “Managers tend to be realistic, and in time they will respond,” he says.

53. In his book, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us, Daniel Pink is promoting the idea that _____.

       A. it is a money-driven society     B. all workers are not driven by money

       C. money plays a key role in management    D. pay has nothing to do with workplaces

54. In Daniel’s point of view, many Wall Street managers are _______.

      A. dishonest        B. considerate      C. short-sighted          D. ridiculous

55. In paragraph 5, the example of drug-taking is given to show _______.

       A. money is as addictive as cocaine or nicotine

      B. big rewards bring about dangerous side effect

      C. nicotine and money bring the same chemical

      D. workers do not need the incentives of money at all

56. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.

      A. Daniel’s approach will be popular in a wider field

      B. realistic managers will first consider Daniel’s approach

      C. Daniel’s approach meets the demand of economic crisis

      D. GE, IBM and Microsoft will join in Daniel’s approach next

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Facing the threat of the Internet, the traditional newspaper is thinking about what it can do to meet the challenge. To make teens get into the habit of reading, the French government is considering what kind of efforts it should pursue.  It seems that the two questions have nothing to do with each other, but a recent announcement made by French President Nicolas Sarkozy has connected these two issues together. The announcement gives an answer to both of them.
.  President Nicolas Sarkozy announced a rescue plan for France' s ailing print media, including measures to save printing and distribution costs. The plan also gives French teenagers a surprise as their 18-year-old birthday gift: France will offer all 18-year-olds a free daily copy of the newspaper of their choice.
"The habit of reading the press should start at a very young age," Sarkozy said, presenting the conclusion after talking to a group of journalists and officials in Paris. The President said the newspapers themselves would provide free copies for 18-year-olds, while the state would cover the cost of delivering them to many thousands of homes.       
The plan is an attempt to introduce teenagers, who frequently only get their news online, to the delights of the printed world.  A similar idea has been tested by L'Ouest-France (法兰西部报) over the past few years.  It offered some 18 to 24-year-olds a free paper once a week for a year.  L' Ouest-France reported that 15% of young people wanted to continue with a paid subscription after the year was over.
People in France welcomed the plan which should get more kids interested in current affairs and make reading be a pastime, as well as rescue the newspaper industry.
63. What does the underlined word " ailing" (in Paragraph 2) probably mean?
A. newly established       B. in difficult situations
C. most popular             D. warm-hearted
64. It can be inferred from the passage that           .
A. the government will pay for the delivery of newspapers to 18 -year-olds
B. the government will buy newspapers for 18-year-olds for one day
C.  some of the government officials are against the plan
D. President Nicolas Sarkozy would like to help the government
65. What is people' s reaction to the plan in France?
A,  They think it a waste of money.
B. They will buy newspapers themselves for 18-year-olds.
C.  They think highly of it and support it:.
D. They are worried the young will leave the Internet.
66. Which of the following can serve as the best for the passage?
A. A surprising plan from the President
B.  Help rescue the newspaper industry
C. Form the reading habit for the young
D. Free newspapers fly to teens

Teens ---want to gain valuable work experience? Do you enjoy working with kids? Need to finish community service requirement for school?
Volunteer for the alameda recreation and park department!
Volunteers are needed to help Recreation Leaders with youth programs and special events at our local park. During the summer, volunteers are also needed to help with our Aquatics Program at the swim center as well. This is a perfect opportunity to gain valuable work experience for future employment opportunities.
Don’t delay(延迟)! Spaces Are Extremely Limited! Sign up early!
l You may register in person or mail the completed form and payment to: Alameda Recreation and Park Department, 2226 Santa Clara Avenue, Alameda, 94501.
l Faxed registrations accepted with MasterCard/ VISA,(510)747—7566.
Once your application has been reviewed(审查), you will be contacted by the Teen Coordination to plan an oral interview. If you are accepted into the program, you must attend a volunteer training.
All applications are to arrive no later than two weeks before the training date (listed below) and are limited to space availability.
Not all applications will be surely given an interview. Late Applications will not be dealt with.

Volunteer training information
Training Date: Thursday, May28,2009
Time: 4:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Location: Veteran’s Memorial Building(2203 Central Avenue, Room 120,Alameda)
Cost: $45 per person----includes training, uniform and materials.
【小题1】We can know from the passage that the program can        .
A.teach kids to swim at the swim center
B.train teens to be prepared for job interviews
C.offer people who are out of work some jobs
D.provide a chance for volunteers to get work experience
【小题2】Once you are allowed to join in the program, you           .
A.will be trained for volunteering
B.will have a face to face interview
C.must contact the Teen Coordinator
D.will pay $45 for the materials
【小题3】To join the program, you should register________.
A.on Thursday, May28, 2009
B.before Thursday, May 14, 2009
C.after Thursday, May 28, 2009
D.before Thursday, June 11, 2009
【小题4】What information can we get from the passage?
A.You will be interviewed once you apply.
B.You can register by sending an email.
C.There is a limit to the number of volunteers.
D.The training will last about two weeks.

Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big. All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags,bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.www.zxxk.com

The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert,with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slowly that garbage from all over the world collects there.

In recent years,there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste,resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full,lessening their desire to eat or drink.

The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste,and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.www.zxxk.com

Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier,another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

In August,2009,a team from the University of California,San Diego became the latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.

1.How did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?

A. By giving an example.       B. By listing the facts.

C. By telling a story.           D. By giving a comparison.

2.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic products.

B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.

C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.

D. It is described as a kind of oceanic land.

3.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.

B. Because the polluted plastic products will affect the food chain.

C. Because it maybe form an island in the pacific.

D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.

 

Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.

    All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags,bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.

    The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert,with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.

    In recent years,there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste,resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full,lessening their desire to eat or drink.

    The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste,and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.

    Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier,another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

    In August,2009,a team from the University of California,San Diego became the latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.

1. How did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?

A. By giving an example.

B. By listing the facts.

C. By telling a story.

D. By giving a comparison.

2.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic products.

B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.

C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.

D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.

3.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.

B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.

C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.

D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.

4. The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.

A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific

B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific

C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean

D. introduce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch

 

完形填空 (共20小题;每小题l分,满分20分)

When Andra Rush started her trucking company, all she had was an old van,two used pick-up trucks and the simple certainty of a 23-year-old girl. But she planned to make her fortune in about four years to    36   her true goal: dealing with poverty on Native American reservations across North America. "I thought I could retire by the time I was 27," says Rush, "At that age, you don't know  37  you don't know."

Rush is 49 now and  38  working hard. Her tiny start-up just outside Detroit has  39   to a $400 million North American business. Today Rush is a(an)  40  not only for Native Americans but also for women in the male-controlled world of trucking.

Rush was  41 30 miles outside Detroit. When the teenage Rush visited the reservation for the first time, she was  42  by the poverty and lack of hope. "I really wanted to  43  " she says.

She graduated from the University of Michigan in 1982. She took a nursing job with a 44 pay and then practiced at an air goods company, 45 the speed of package pickups and deliveries made a little more a little more profits. "I thought I could do that 46 ," Rush says.

Within six months, Rush had ten employees, and clients(客户)  47  Ford and GM were paying her to 48 small packages from the airport. Ford was the first to offer her a job trucking parts between its plants and supplier.

By 2001, many of Rush's 1,000 employees were Native Americans, working alongside people of every    49   But she felt she hadn't done enough. 50  she joined forces with a Canadian parts maker to design and gather auto components.

She located the plants near reservations, 51 opportunities where they were needed most. By 2009, her auto parts business was earning $370 million   52   .

She's come a long way from the  53    23-year-old who thought "the cash would just roll in." But Rush wouldn't change a thing: "I love my job," she says. "I 54  the fact that you can start to get some motivation and keep   55   yourself—and then suddenly you lift your head and it's been 25 years"

 

1.A.make            B. accomplish        C.  receive      D.arrive

2.A.what            B.which             C.why           D.who

3. A.so             B.somehow           C.still         D.anyhow

4. A.  grown         B.become            C.got           D.gone

5.A.able housewife  B.ordinary woman    C.role model    D.truck driver

6. A.brought        B.lived             C.risen         D.raised

7. A.moved          B.interested        C.struck        D.encouraged

8. A have an influence                    B.make a difference  C.set an example   D.make a decision

9. A.low            B.high              C.cheap         D.expensive

10.A.which          B.that              C.when          D.where

11.A.well           B.badly             C.worse         D.better

12.A.like           B.besides           C.for           D.except

13.A.take           B.fetch             C.bring         D.lift

14.A.education      B.family            C.background    D.city

15.A.Because        B.For               C.But           D.So

16.A.seizing        B.creating          C.grasping      D.losing

17..A.in case       B.in turn           C.in return     D.in need

18.A.inexperienced  B.experienced       C.expert        D.skilled

19.A.enjoy          B.hate              C.doubt         D.refuse

20.A.fighting       B.forcing           C.challenging   D.amusing

 

 

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