Nigel received a reward for his excellence in study. It began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories. The peak of his school career came not when he topped the school b 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Nigel received a reward for his excellence in study. It began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories.

The peak of his school career came not when he topped the school but when he was selected for the nationwide competition. Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join the contest because he liked making something out of the Lego sets. Nigel spent the next two months rebuilding the robot. It was during the time that Nigel found out about the prizes for the competition as well as another competitor, Alicia, from a neighboring school. His early intentions were forgotten. Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else. Nigel decided to befriend Alicia. Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. He even helped her to put the finishing branches to her robot. He was glad with the way things had progressed. His robot was able to become a ball with its arms, which Alicia had failed to do.

Everything didn’t dawn on her until she saw him among the competition. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her.

The flashbulbs of the camera exploded in Nigel’s try. The robot bird performed actions so unique that the specialist judgments were the same. Nigel was so personal with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him. Without her, he would never win the competition.

72. Nigel’s original intention of joining the contest was to ___.

A. be the top student of the school

B. constructs a robot with the Lego sets

C. being great honor to his school

D. wins the thousand-dollar prize

73. What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work?

A. He helped in the computer laboratories

B. He was honored with a scholarship

C. He helped his teacher construct a robot

D. He was offered a part-time job

74. Why did Nigel help Alicia finish her robot?

A. He tried to make friends with her

B. He was fond of building robots

C. He intended to help her

D. He didn’t want her to suspect him

75. What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions?

A. ambiguous B.defensive

C. supportive D. critical

BADD

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Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage. Studying was a breeze for

Nigel. The reward was certainly incomparable to the little effort that he had to put it. It begin when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories.

The peak of his school career came not when he topped the school but when he was selected for the nationwide competition. Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets and making something out of them. Nigel spent the next two months rebuilding the robot. It was during the time that Nigel found out about the prizes for the competition. Its well us auspices competitor. Alicia, from a neighboring school. His early intentions were forgotten. Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else. Nigel decided to befriend Alicia. Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. He even helped her to put the finishing branches to her robot. He was glad with the way things had progressed. His robot looked even better than Alicia’s and it was able to become a ball with its arms, something Alicia had failed to do.

On the day of the competition, he says Alicia. Everything dawned on her the minute she saw him among the competition. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her.

The flashbulbs of the camera exploded in Nigel’s try. The robot bird performed actions so unique and different that the specialist judgments were the same. Nigel was so personal with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him. Without her, he would never win the competition.

What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work?

A. He was offered a part-time job B. He was honored with a scholarship

C. He helped his teacher construct a robot D. He helped in the computer laboratories

Nigel’s original intention of joining the contest was to ___.

A. be the top student of the school B. being great honor to his school

C. constructs a robot with the Lego sets D. wins the thousand-dollar prize

Why did Nigel help Alicia finish her robot?

A. He tried to make friends with her B. He was fond of building robots

C. He intended to help her D. He didn’t want her to suspect him

What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions?

A. He is mildly critical B. He is strongly critical

C. He is in favor of them D. His attitude is not clear

We may all have had the embarrassing moment：Getting halfway through a story only to realize that we've told this exact tale before to the same person. Why do we make such memory mistakes?

According to the research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.

Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin Macleod, of the University of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory，or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from. The second was destination memory，or the ability to recall who we have given information to.

They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.

To study the differences between source memory and destination memory, the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked to associate (联想) 50 random(随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students“told”each fact to one of the faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity's(名人的) picture appeared on a computer screen. The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.

When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving information out(destination memory)scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information(source memory)．

The researchers concluded that outgoing information was less associated with its environmental context (背景)—that is，the person—than was incoming information.

This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little facts, will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is limited，we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.

After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that selffocus is another factor that undermines destination memory.

They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things about themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information.

“When you start telling these personal facts compared with nonself facts, suddenly destination memory goes down more, suggesting that it is the selffocus component (成分) that's reducing the memory.”Gopie told Live Science.

60．The point of this article is to ________.

A. give advice on how to improve memory

B. say what causes the memory to worsen

C. explain why we repeat stories to those we've already told them to

D. discuss the differences between source memory and destination memory

61．What can we learn from the article?

A. Source memory helps us remember who we have told the information to.

B. One's limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity's pictures perform worse on the memory test.

C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud.

D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context than outgoing information.

62．The underlined word“undermines” probably means________.

A. weakens B. benefits

C. explains D. supports

63．What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?

A. Destination memory is weaker than source memory.

B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.

C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.

D. Selffocus is responsible for the reduction of destination memory.

Limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion(拥挤) during the 2008 Olympics, experts from foreign countries advised Beijing on Friday.
Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was "supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games", saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach.
The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress.
Sharing Wilson's view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through incentives.
"Drivers who don't use their private cars could be given points," he said, "and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping."
Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. "Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles," he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London.
Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was China's advantage. "Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution," he said. "The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars."
Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day.
Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games.
“We are looking forward to borrowing Beijing's experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,” said Wetzel.
51. The underlined word incentives in paragraph 4 means_______.
A. something that encourages people to try B. online shopping
C. points could be exchanged for goods D. award
52.It can be seen from the passage that ______.
A. the government planned to forbid over 1 million cars to run on the roads during the Olympics.
B. banning private cars is the best way to solve traffic congestion in Beijing
C. Beijing now has 200 kilometers of city railway
D. the use of company cars will not be limited
53. Why did Wetzel stress “ he himself is a bicycle-rider in London”?
A. To limit the use of company cars.
B. To encourage governmental officials to use public transportation or ride bicycles.
C. To show that riding bicycles is good for health.
D. To show that he loves riding bicycles.
54. Which of the following may be the reason for the traffic congestion in Beijing?
A. The 2008 Beijing Olympic games.
B. The number of cars in Beijing is rising by 1,000 a day.
C. The large population in Beijing and the large number of cars.
D. Public transport in Beijing is not efficient.
55. The purpose of the passage is ________.
A. to limit the use of private cars, improve public transport
B. to encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics
C. to borrow Beijing's experiences and draw from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics
D. to tell the advice given by foreign experts on traffic congestion during 2008 Beijing Olympics

阅读下面短文并回答问题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。

When your toothbrush is at the end of its days, don’t just throw it away, as a survey has revealed many other uses for an old toothbrush.

The survey was carried out by the Dental Health Foundation to promote National Smile Month and more than 1, 000 people participated in the survey. It found that more than four in every five people re-use their toothbrush for another purpose.

Four in ten people use an old toothbrush to brush bathroom tiles (瓷砖), and almost a third use it to clean kitchen appliances. More than a quarter of those questioned use old toothbrushes to clean jewellery, and roughly one in every five use them for shining shoes. Some other uses for toothbrushes include cleaning bikes, computer keyboards, toilet seats, fish tanks and finger nails.

The survey also found that the age of the owner can determine what happens to a toothbrush after it is not suitable to be used to brush teeth any more. People over 75 are three times more likely to re-use their toothbrush for a different purpose than those between the ages of 16 and 34 and twice more likely than those between 35 and 44.

Additionally, to reuse their toothbrush for chores (日常琐事) and other uses than their male counterparts. Some women admitted to using their toothbrush to apply hair dye (染料)while some men said they used an old toothbrush to clean their dog’s teeth.

Chief Executive of the British Dental Health Foundation, Dr Nigel Carter, said, “We all should get through around four toothbrushes every year if we are to keep our oral health in great condition. Generally people don’t change their toothbrushes often enough, but there are still plenty of toothbrushes

lying around the house. Our survey has shown that people have realized that a toothbrush is of great value and has a role to play beyond its normal use.”

1.What would be the best title for the passage? (no more than 10 words)

2.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? (no more than 2 words)

3.What percentage of people use old toothbrushes to shine their shoes? (no more than 4 words)

4.Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 3 words)

The results of the survey also showed that whether a toothbrush is reused after it’s replaced can be determined by the owner is.

5.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)

Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was "supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games", saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach.

The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress.

Sharing Wilson's view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through incentives.

"Drivers who don't use their private cars could be given points," he said, "and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping."

Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. "Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles," he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London.

Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was China's advantage. "Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution," he said. "The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars."

Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day.

Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games.

“We are looking forward to borrowing Beijing's experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,” said Wetzel.

51. The underlined word incentives in paragraph 4 means_______.

A. something that encourages people to try B. online shopping

C. points could be exchanged for goods D. award

52.It can be seen from the passage that ______.

A. the government planned to forbid over 1 million cars to run on the roads during the Olympics.

B. banning private cars is the best way to solve traffic congestion in Beijing

C. Beijing now has 200 kilometers of city railway

D. the use of company cars will not be limited

53. Why did Wetzel stress “ he himself is a bicycle-rider in London”?

A. To limit the use of company cars.

B. To encourage governmental officials to use public transportation or ride bicycles.

C. To show that riding bicycles is good for health.

D. To show that he loves riding bicycles.

54. Which of the following may be the reason for the traffic congestion in Beijing?

A. The 2008 Beijing Olympic games.

B. The number of cars in Beijing is rising by 1,000 a day.

C. The large population in Beijing and the large number of cars.

D. Public transport in Beijing is not efficient.

55. The purpose of the passage is ________.

A. to limit the use of private cars, improve public transport

B. to encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics

C. to borrow Beijing's experiences and draw from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics

D. to tell the advice given by foreign experts on traffic congestion during 2008 Beijing Olympics

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