题目内容

Now scientists have discovered the first evidence that the animals actually behave like their masters. Just like children, they adopt a “look and learn” approach which means they can mimic (模仿) human's actions when going about their tasks.

Biologists and psychologists at the universities of Vienna and Oxford designed an experiment to test the theory that dogs do have the ability to copy what they see, using a simple wooden box. In the study, ten owners showed their dogs how to open the wooden box, sometimes using their heads to push a handle and sometimes using their hands.

In the first part of the test, five dogs were rewarded with a piece of sausage for copying their owners' actions. The other five were rewarded with food for not copying, and using other methods. With each dog the experiment was repeated hundreds of times, and the time taken for a dog to get it “right” on 85 percent of attempts (17 goes out of 20) was recorded. The dogs encouraged to mirror their owners reached this point almost three times sooner on average than those rewarded for not copying them. In the second part of the test, all the dogs were only rewarded for copying the method their owners used. The five dogs previously rewarded for copying their owners reached the 85 percent mark more than twice as the other five.

In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society, they concluded, “Like humans, dogs can't help imitating actions they see.” Going further, they said, “The results suggest the imitative (模仿的) behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary (进化的) history of domestication (驯化).”

Caroline Kisko, from the Kennel club, said, “A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior. We hope that owners understand the importance of their actions and use this knowledge to set good examples and therefore positively influence the behavior of their pets.”

1.What's the best title of the passage?

A. Dogs Are Intelligent Animals

B. Dogs Are like Children Most

C. Dogs Behave like Their Masters

D. Dogs Can Complete Simple Tasks

2.The underlined part “they” in Paragraph 4 most probably refers to ________.

A. the dogs' masters

B. the magazine's publishers

C. all the people involved in the experiment

D. the biologists and psychologists

3.The researchers believe dogs' imitative behavior comes mainly from ______.

A. domestication B. human rewards

C. evolution D. human-dog interactions

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Masters should influence their dogs as early as possible.

B. A man's bad behavior may influence his dog.

C. Dogs can't be influenced by men easily.

D. Dogs always behave positively.

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近些年，越来越多的中国学生选择出国留学，这些留学生在国外的表现如何？哪些方面对他们来说是最难适应的？某报社做了一项调查，结果如图所示。请你根据下图，向该报社投稿，描述这一现象，并发表自己的看法。

词数：100字左右

参考词汇：社会文化适应——social acculturation

人际沟通——interpersonal communication

阅读理解。

“Keep out or I’ll chase you out! This is my property!”

You hear this every spring. It is a long musical sound --- a bird song! Birds use their songs to communicate different messages to one another. People who study bird sounds are learning their meanings.

Usually it is the male that sings. Early in spring he sings to say that he has picked out a piece of property. He sings to attract a female of his same kind. Together they will raise a family in his territory (领地). He sings to tell all other birds of his kind to keep out.

Each kind of bird has its own type of song. Cardinals sing something that sounds a little like “What cheer, cheer, cheer.” Towhees sing, “Drink your tea.”

Most of the time, birds pay attention only to the songs of birds of their own kind. Cardinals answer cardinals, and song sparrows answer song sparrows. A cardinal knows that a song sparrow will not try to steal its mate. So you can see one reason why a cardinal may chase away another cardinal but will not bother a song sparrow.

Most different kinds of birds eat different things. To find enough to eat, a bird needs a big piece of land to search in. Many kinds of birds have some ways of dividing up the land into territories. Song sparrows, cardinals ovenbirds, and white-throated sparrows are some of the birds that have territorial systems.

Especially in early spring, birds work out the boundaries between their territories by singing “keep out” threats and by chasing and fighting each other. The birds continue singing to tell females that they have set up territories. Neighboring birds seem to agree that there are make believe fences between their pieces of property. Then they do not have to waste energy chasing each other instead of taking care of their young.

Scientists guessed that some birds could recognize their neighbors by small differences in their songs. Two scientists who studied white-throated sparrows found that these birds can even tell the difference between songs of individual birds of their own kind. White-throated sparrows have songs that seem to say “I’m your neighbor” or “I’m a stranger” or “I’m your neighbor to the west.” Other kinds of birds could tell neighbors from strangers by their songs, too.

1.What is the article mainly about?

A. How birds build up their territories.

B. How birds sing to communicate.

C. How male birds chase after females.

D. How scientists recognize birds’ songs.

2.A cardinal may not keep a song sparrow out of its territory because ________.

A. they sing different songs

B. they have separate territories

C. it feels no threat from a song sparrow

D. song sparrows are friendly to other birds

3.Some birds have their own territorial systems so that ________.

A. they don’t need to fight or chase each other

B. they often work together against threats

C. they build up fences to protect their property

D. they find a big piece of land to search for food

4.What can we conclude from the article?

A. Male birds use their songs to communicate more than females.

B. Scientists have learned the meanings of all white-throated sparrows sing.

C Not all birds can recognize their neighbors by small differences in their songs.

D. White-throated sparrows are the smartest birds the scientists ever found.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Culture Shock

Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.

Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place. 1.

The next stage is “the hostility(敌意)stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. 2. Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore.

Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive. 3. The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.

The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good. 4. The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.

Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages.

5. It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college).

A. You feel that friends should help each other to deal with culture shock.

B. And you try to develop comprehension of everything you don’t understand.

C. In addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.

D. You become tired of many things about the new culture.

E. You have learned enough to understand the new culture.

F. You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.

G. And everything seems to be marvelous and everybody seems to be so nice to you.

语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式：

Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored ___1.______ the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.

He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got____2.____（marry） at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, ___3.____ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.

In South Africa he ___4._____ （surprise） to find that the problem of racial discrimination （种族歧视）was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight _____5._____ equal rights.

Gandhi returned to India in 1915, ______6.___ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and ____7.______ （depend） for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. ____8._____, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give _____9._____and India won its independence in 1947. ____10.____（fortunate）, Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret that.

A. to do B. to be doing

C. to have done D. having done

John opened the door. There he had never seen before.

A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood

C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl

We must be in a place of peace and faith, so internal conflict and disbelief do not hold back ________ it is possible for us to achieve.

A. how B. what C. why D. where

A couple of weeks ago, a few friends and I had an opportunity to attend a dear friend’s wedding in New York. After the wedding and reception, rather accidentally four of us gathered in a hotel room and began to explore the deeper meaning of life and death. What does it mean to live truly? If we are all getting closer to death, is all the material accumulation worth it? It is not exactly the type of conversations one has at a wedding.

While the answers varied from person to person, I was left with more questions than answers and a feeling of gratefulness to be surrounded by friends who were asking the “right” questions. As the clock kept ticking past 3 a.m., one of the roommates suggested we watch a short film titled “Last Days of Zach Sobiech”. The film is about a teenager’s journey through the last days of his incurable illness. The film brought up a lot of mixed emotions but one quote that stood out for me was Zach’s simple explanation of happiness, “ What makes one happy is seeing someone else smile because you put it there.” By 4 a.m. , there was this energy in the room that had to be shared! With a few packages of post-it notes, we hit the halls of the hotel. We decided to leave short inspirational words on guests’ doors, so when they opened their doors few hours later a smile would turn up.

We ended up sticking post-it notes on all the doors until we ran out of them. The note on the door of the newly-weds properly said, “Where there is love, there is life.”

1.About “explore the deeper meaning of life and death” at a wedding, the author thinks______.

A. it is rather meaningful.

B. it is interesting.

C. it is natural.

D. it is not proper.

2.After watching the film, what impressed the author most?

A. Zach’s mixed emotions

B. Zach’s poor fate

C. Zach’s simple explanation of happiness

D. Zach’s struggle with illness

3.What did the author and his friends do after they saw the film?

A. They knocked door to door to offer help in the hotel.

B. They shared happiness with the workers of the hotel.

C. They stuck notes with encouraging words on guests’ doors.

D. They thanked the wedding couple gratefully for invitation.

4.What can we learn from the author and his friends’ action?

A. One who brings happiness to others is also happy oneself.

B. Helping others in trouble is good to oneself.

C. Friends are your valuable treasure.

D. Good is rewarded with good.

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