题目内容

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret that.

A. to do B. to be doing

C. to have done D. having done

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项

King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t give up the throne(王位）, they die in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy(君主制) is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?

The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above mere politics and symbolize a spirit of national unity.

It is this apparent transcendence（超越） of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch- filled region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). Most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history and sometimes the way they behave today symbolizes outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is strange that wealthy noble families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic（民主的）states.

The most successful monarchies try their best to abandon or hide their old noble ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media interference makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

1.According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain

A. used to enjoy high public support

B. was unpopular among European royals

C. eased his relationship with his rivals

D. gave up his throne in embarrassment

2.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly

A. owing to their undoubted and respectable status

B. to achieve a balance between tradition and reality

C. to give voters more public figures to look up to

D. due to their everlasting political symbolizing

3.Which of the following is shown to be strange, according to Paragraph 4?

A. The noble families’ excessive dependence on inherited wealth

B. The role of the nobility in modern democracies

C. The simple lifestyle of the noble families

D. The nobility’s sticking to their privileges

4.Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A. Carlos, a good example of All European Monarchs

B. Europe, the most monarch-filled region in the world

C. Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs

D. Europe, symbolic heart of modern democracy.

短文改错。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Doing good daily doesn’t necessary mean helping other people. We can also do something good for other little creatures on this earth. Today, I was on my way to home and saw the turtle trying to cross the road. I stop my car, picked up and brought it to a river nearby. It was the rush hour but there were a lot of cars behind me. It took me about five minute to finish doing that. Although my action might be clearly an inconvenience with other cars, I knew that save a life was well worth their waiting. In my mind, what I did was meaningless.

最近，校园安全成为人们广泛关注的话题，为确保师生安全，你校决定禁止外人进入校园。为此，学校在学生中做了一次“家长该不该进校园及其原因”的调查。调查结果如下图所示：

根据上图信息，请以“Should parents be banned from entering campus?”为题，用英语写一篇短文。

要求如下：

1. 简要描述图中的信息（包括人数比率、观点及原因）；2. 谈谈你的看法。

注意：

（1）词数不少于100；

（2）符合语言规范；

（3）在答题卡上作答；

（4）标题已给出（不计入词数）

Should parents be banned from entering campus?

Now scientists have discovered the first evidence that the animals actually behave like their masters. Just like children, they adopt a “look and learn” approach which means they can mimic (模仿) human's actions when going about their tasks.

Biologists and psychologists at the universities of Vienna and Oxford designed an experiment to test the theory that dogs do have the ability to copy what they see, using a simple wooden box. In the study, ten owners showed their dogs how to open the wooden box, sometimes using their heads to push a handle and sometimes using their hands.

In the first part of the test, five dogs were rewarded with a piece of sausage for copying their owners' actions. The other five were rewarded with food for not copying, and using other methods. With each dog the experiment was repeated hundreds of times, and the time taken for a dog to get it “right” on 85 percent of attempts (17 goes out of 20) was recorded. The dogs encouraged to mirror their owners reached this point almost three times sooner on average than those rewarded for not copying them. In the second part of the test, all the dogs were only rewarded for copying the method their owners used. The five dogs previously rewarded for copying their owners reached the 85 percent mark more than twice as the other five.

In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society, they concluded, “Like humans, dogs can't help imitating actions they see.” Going further, they said, “The results suggest the imitative (模仿的) behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary (进化的) history of domestication (驯化).”

Caroline Kisko, from the Kennel club, said, “A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior. We hope that owners understand the importance of their actions and use this knowledge to set good examples and therefore positively influence the behavior of their pets.”

1.What's the best title of the passage?

A. Dogs Are Intelligent Animals

B. Dogs Are like Children Most

C. Dogs Behave like Their Masters

D. Dogs Can Complete Simple Tasks

2.The underlined part “they” in Paragraph 4 most probably refers to ________.

A. the dogs' masters

B. the magazine's publishers

C. all the people involved in the experiment

D. the biologists and psychologists

3.The researchers believe dogs' imitative behavior comes mainly from ______.

A. domestication B. human rewards

C. evolution D. human-dog interactions

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Masters should influence their dogs as early as possible.

B. A man's bad behavior may influence his dog.

C. Dogs can't be influenced by men easily.

D. Dogs always behave positively.

My parents were talking about their school days as if they ______ back at school.

A. are B. were C. have been D. had been

Scientists have exactly discovered the set of brain cells involved in making risky decisions, and have been able to control them in rats using targeted light. By changing the activity of the cells they were able to change the behaviour of risk-taking rats to avoid risk, hinting the approach could in future be used to treat people with impulse (冲动) control problems.

Risk-taking is a key part of survival, knowing when to take a chance could pay off—such as moving to a new area to look for food when pickings are slim.

While all animals need an element of risk, the preference towards it varies between individuals. Researchers found this variation, which determines how risk-averse an individual is, is regulated by brain cells in a region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens. This cluster of neurons releases the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates the brain’s reward and pleasure centres.

Previous studies have shown that in patients with Parkinson’s disease, taking medication which blocks specific dopamine receptors (DR2) (受体) leads to increased gambling (赌博) behaviour and risk taking behaviour. In studies with rats, researchers were able to use a technique called optogenetics (光遗传学)—which uses light sensitive proteins to change the activity of cells—to modify cells with DR2 in the nucleus accumbens.

Rats were trained to choose one of two levers, offering them a choice between a “safe” or “risky” choice. The safe option resulted in a small, but consistent amount of a sugar water treat. But the risky choice consistently delivered smaller amounts of sugar water, with the occasional large pay off—essentially encouraging the animals to gamble for a bigger prize. Around two-thirds of the animals weren’t keen on risk, opting for the safe option, but the remaining third were risk-seekers. Brain scans of the animals showed that those with low levels of DR2 consistently went for the gamble.

But using pulses of light to stimulate (刺激) the DR2 cells and improve their activity could cause the risk-takers to play it safe and opt for the guaranteed but less rewarding option. Once the light-pulses stopped, the risk-takers returned to their gambling strategy.

In the risk-averse animals, stimulating the same cells had little to no effect.

Professor Karl Deisseroth, of Stanford University in California, said: “Humans and rats have similar brain structures involved.”And we found a drug known to increase risk preference in people had the same effect on the rats. So every indication is that these findings are relevant to humans. “Risky behavior has its moments where it’ s valuable. As a species, we wouldn’t have come as far as we have without it.”

1.The variation in people’s preference towards risks is directly regulated by ________.

A. nucleus accumbens B. light sensitive proteins

C. neurons D. dopamine

2.From the experiment with rats, we can conclude that ________.

A. the lack of DR2 cells results in a safe option

B. the levels of DR2 have little to do with their choices

C. the high levels of DR2 can make animals avoid risks

D. the risky choice is a less rewarding option

3.The underlined words in Paragraph 7 most likely mean the animals that are ________.

A. willing to take big risks

B. reluctant to take risks

C. fond of gambling strategy

D. afraid of receiving stimulation

4.What can be inferred from what Professor Karl Deisseroth said?

A. Humans and rats differ in their preference for risk-taking.

B. Too much risk-taking can do more harm than good.

C. Risk-taking can be used to treat people with impulse control problems.

D. Risk-taking is a means of survival and brings higher returns to humans.

In public places, improved child-care facilities will benefit ________ genders, not just women.

A. both B. all C. either D. other

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness. But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness? 1.

Humans are very sensitive to change. When we get a rise, we really enjoy it. But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting day-to-day happiness. 2. They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.

So surely money can't really buy happiness. Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money. 3. Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier. As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.

4. 0ne experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction. Similarly, individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.

5. Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important. Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.

A. The same principle has been tested on teams and organizations as well.

B. Money has more effect on the vast majority of people in the long run.

C. Instead of buying things for yourself, try giving some of it to other people and see how you feel.

D. And if so, how can we use it to our advantage?

E. Almost everywhere we look in the world, we see that giving money to others is positively related to happiness,

F. And while you're saving up for these greatest experiences, don't forget the daily joys in life.

G. In fact, people who win a lottery often report becoming extremely unhappy.

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