Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information, especially numbers, percentages, and other data. A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.

Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title, a main idea, and supporting details. You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.

Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title, a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key, is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner. Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph. Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.

Bar Graphs

A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1, we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).

Line Graphs

A line graph looks similar to a bar graph, but instead of bars, it plots points and connects them with a line. It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way. To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points. This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time. Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).

The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that, on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2. If the line segment angled down, as between Day 4 and Day 5, it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration.

Pie Graphs

A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.

A pie graph might include a legend,or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows one month’s expenses (See Graph 3 ).

Food $ 25 Movies $ 12 Clothing $ 36

Savings $ 20 Books $ 7

1.When used in a graph a legend is_____.

A. a guide to the symbols and colors

B. an introduction paragraph

C. the main idea

D. the data

2.What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?

A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 .

3.The bird covered the longest distance on _____

A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4

4.Which of the following cost Amy most?

A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing.

If you live in the U.S., you’re probably used to throwing banana peel into the trash. But people in other countries, including India, have been taking advantages of their nutritional benefits for many years.

While the flesh of a banana is soft and sweet, the skin is thick, hard and slightly bitter. To eat the peel, you can fry, bake, or boil it for at least 10 minutes. Also, the riper bananas get, the thinner and sweeter banana peel will become. That’s because of a natural plant hormone(激素) called ethylene(乙烯) that fruits release as they ripen. Ethylene interacts with the sugars and fiber in the banana skin, changing complex sugars into simple sugars and breaking down pectin, a form of fiber in bananas that keeps them stiff. That’s why the older your banana is, the flimsier(不结实的) it feels.

The sweet flesh of a medium-sized banana contains great percentages of your daily recommended intake of various nutrients, such as:

·12% of your daily fiber, which helps with digestion and may help lower your risk of diabetes(糖尿病)

·17% of your vitamin C, which is important for your immune system as well as your growth

·20% of your vitamin B6, which aids the body’s ability to turn food into energy

·12% of your potassium, which helps with the development of cells, tissues, and organs throughout the body

If you eat the skin along with the flesh, you will get an even bigger increase in these same nutrients.

Eating the peel is not only good for your body but also better for the earth. The average American ate 11.4 pounds of bananas in 2014. Since a medium-sized banana weighs about 0.3 pounds, that equates to about 38 bananas per person, or about 12 billion for the whole of the U.S. And since most of us throw away the peel, that also means a lot of organic waste.

1.We can learn from the text that in the U.S. people ________.

A. like eating bananas

B. waste a lot of food every year

C. don’t make good use of banana peel

D. know little about the value of the flesh of bananas

2.What’s the role of ethylene in bananas?

A. Helping bananas grow faster.

B. Making banana peel stay strong.

C. Keeping banana flesh from going bad.

D. Helping to soften and sweeten banana peel.

3.Which of the following helps humans digest?

A. Vitamin C.B. Potassium.C. Vitamin B6.D. Fiber.

4.The last paragraph mainly shows that eating banana peel benefits our ________.

A. dietB. economyC. environmentD. physical health

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