[题目]阅读理解CMeasles, which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine. But the disease is m 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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【题目】阅读理解
C
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
（1）The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D.information about measles spreads quickly
（2）Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A.exemptions are allowed
B.several vaccines are used together
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in
D.new regulations are added to the state laws
（3）What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A.The overuse of vaccine.
B.The lack of medical care.
C.The features of measles itself.
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
（4）What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce the idea of exemption.
B.To discuss methods to cure measles.
C.To stress the importance of vaccination.
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】文章介绍了曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹在近年来卷土重来，究其原因，是少数人拒绝注射疫苗，导致了自己及其他人的健康受损，作者借此呼吁每个人都注射麻疹疫苗．
1）A 推理判断题．结合文意，文章第一段通过介绍今年和去年的美国麻疹病例数量试图证明麻疹正在回潮，即使数量少，也要引起注意；而第二段则介绍了 herd immunity （群体免疫）以及为第三段群体免疫不成立的条件铺垫，也就是为了证明团体中少部分人有病症会导致全体免疫的崩溃．综合来看，第一第二段的主旨句为第二段第一句 The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend．A项意为"少量麻疹病例可能导致危险的趋势"，符合题意．B项意为"麻疹的爆发引起了公众注意"．文中并未提及麻疹的爆发，而只是说有少量的麻疹病例，我们不能忽视．故B项错误．C项意为"反疫苗行动有医学解释"．第一第二段所提及的医学解释即群体免疫是为了证明反疫苗行动的不合理性的．故C项错误．D项意为"关于麻疹的消息快速传播"．文中表达为 misinformation that is spreading quickly，是关于麻疹的错误消息．故D项错误．故正确答案为A．
2）C 细节理解题．根据文中第三段第一句 herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in 可知需要群体中所有人参与才能形成群体免疫力C项意为"整个社区都参与"，符合文中题意．A项意为"允许豁免"，B项意为"多种疫苗同时使用"，D项意为"州立法添加新条例"，均不符合题意．故正确答案为C．
3）D 细节理解题．根据文中第一段第二句 caused by a growing anti﹣vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly 可知麻疹回潮的原因是抵制疫苗和错误消息，D项意为"一些人决定拒绝疫苗"，符合题意．A项意为"疫苗过度使用"，B项意为"医疗保护的缺乏"，C项意为"麻疹本身特性"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为D．
4）C 意图判断题．文章通过描述群体免疫效应以及群体免疫不成立条件论证集体接受疫苗的重要性．故C项符合文意．A项意为"介绍例外性的概念"，文章抵制疫苗接种的例外性，故A项不符合文意．B项意为"讨论治疗麻疹的方法"，文章并没有罗列多种方法，而只是强调疫苗接种．故B项不符合文意．D项意为"呼吁医疗平等"，文章并未提到医疗平等问题．故D项不符合文意．故正确答案为C．

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