题目内容

【题目】 Although you can possibly get by as a tourist in weeks, mastering a language is a long-term commitment taking years, not months. The FSI has classified languages in degrees of difficulty for English speakers. Chinese takes approximately 88 weeks or 2,200 hours ranking top 5 along with Arabic, Korean and Japanese.

Each Chinese dialect is effectively another language but Mandarin(Putonghua in Chinese, which means the common language)is considered the official tongue in modern China. They all share roughly one evolving writing system, referred to as written language invented for administering a large, diverse empire.

To complicate(使复杂)the matter further, there are two main types of written Chinese characters under the same writing system: the traditional Chinese used in Hong Kong and Taiwan and the simplified Chinese in mainland China. For example, fly is written as 飛 in traditional Chinese and 飞 in simplified Chinese. They’re basically the same character written in two different ways but pronounced differently when spoken in different dialects.

Each written word when spoken is mutually incomprehensible between a Mandarin speaker in Beijing and a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. If you think that’s odd, consider our number system: the symbol “9” is universally recognized but it’s pronounced “nine” in English and “devet” in Slovenian.

Every word must be memorized separately as you can’t guess its pronunciation from the script-but one could say the same of English if you consider plough, dough and tough.

Meanwhile, dictionaries list words according to stroke(笔画)count. These go from one to over 60 strokes. The archaic character zhé- which appropriately, means “verbose” - has 64 strokes.

And then there are the pronunciation challenges. There are four tones in Mandarin: high pitch (say G in a musical scale), rising pitch(like from C to G), falling(from G to C)and falling low then rising(C to B to G)- and if you think that’s difficult, there are nine tones in Cantonese. In Mandarin, there is a whole poem, “The Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den” with just the syllable “shi” repeated 107 times in various tones. In other words, if you are tone-deaf you might as well give up now.

【1】What do all Chinese dialects have in common?

A.They were invented by the emperor.

B.They have the same writing system.

C.They evolve in the same way.

D.They serve the same purpose.

【2】Why does the author mention the symbol “9” in Paragraph 4?

A.To prove different pronunciations of Chinese dialects

B.To indicate the similarities in all languages.

C.To show that Chinese is an odd language.

D.To compare English with Slovenian.

【3】What challenge does the author think is difficult to overcome?

A.Complicated scripts and strokes.

B.Different types of characters.

C.Various tones.

D.Too many dialects.

【4】What is the main idea of this passage?

A.Chinese has different dialects.

B.Chinese is very difficult to learn.

C.Chinese is an ever-developing language.

D.Chinese sounds like music and poems.

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】

本文属于说明文。文章主要讲了汉语是一门非常难学的语言。

【1】

细节理解题。根据第二段They all share roughly one evolving writing system, referred to as written language invented for administering a large, diverse empire.（它们都有大致相同的书写体系，被称为书写语言，用来管理一个庞大而多样的国度。）由此可知，所有的中国方言的共同之处在于它们有相同的书写体系。故选B。

【2】

推理判断题。根据第四段Each written word when spoken is mutually incomprehensible between a Mandarin speaker in Beijing and a Cantonese speaker in Hong Kong. If you think that’s odd, consider our number system: the symbol “9” is universally recognized but it’s pronounced “nine” in English and “devet” in Slovenian.（在北京说普通话的人和在香港说广东话的人，说出来的每一个字都是彼此无法理解的。如果你觉得这很奇怪，想想我们的数字系统:“9”是公认的符号，但它在英语中发音为“nine”，在斯洛文尼亚语中发音为“devet”。）由此推断出，作者在第四段提到符号“9” ，是为了证明汉语方言的不同发音。故选A。

【3】

细节理解题。文章最后一段And then there are the pronunciation challenges. There are four tones in Mandarin: high pitch (say G in a musical scale), rising pitch(like from C to G), falling(from G to C)and falling low then rising(C to B to G)- and if you think that’s difficult, there are nine tones in Cantonese.（然后还有发音的挑战。普通话有四个音调:高音(比如音阶中的G)、升音(比如从C到G)、降音(从G到C)、降低音再升音(从C到B到G)——如果你觉得这很难，广东话有九个音调。）以及In other words, if you are tone-deaf you might as well give up now.（换句话说，如果你是音盲，你最好现在就放弃。）由此可知，作者认为不同的音调的挑战是难以克服的。故选C。

【4】

主旨大意题。作者在第一段就点明了全文主题Chinese takes approximately 88 weeks or 2,200 hours ranking top 5 along with Arabic, Korean and Japanese.（汉语、阿拉伯语、韩语和日语排在前五名需要大约88周(2200小时)的时间。）并且作者在结尾段也对主题做出了呼应，In other words, if you are tone-deaf you might as well give up now.（换句话说，如果你是音盲，你最好现在就放弃。）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了中文很难学。故选B。

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