Question

【题目】We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

【1】According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.

A. doing a medical experiment

B. solving a math problem

C. visiting an exhibition

D. doing scientific reasoning

【2】The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. active learning B. knowledge

C. communication D. passive learning

【3】What can we infer from the passage?

A. Active learning is less important.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【解析】

试题分析：作者在本文中介绍了被动学习passive learning，这种学习方法很普遍，但是有很多缺点，并不值得信赖。

【1】C 推理题。根据第二段1、2句We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.可知被动学习经常发生在学习者被告知学习内容，学习者自己没有主动的创造机会学习。故选项中C项：观看展览。就属于被动学习。故C正确。

【2】D 猜测词义题。根据本句Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.尽管我们习惯于被动学习，在日常和朋友及同事的交流中我们依赖被动学习也就是很正常的事情了。故D正确。

【3】B 推理题。根据文章4、5段叙述可知，被动学习中所传递的信息在很多情况下都会出现错误及误差。入第四段的实验中最后的信息和最初的一定会有很大的不同。说明被动学习有时候是不值得信赖的。故B正确。