题目内容

Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colors in the world? Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain color? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.

Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a person’s skin color. The more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be. The amount of and the production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with less sunlight, a person’s body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.

Skin color is also affected by another source ---- vitamin D. humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production. Therefore, a dark—skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light—skinned person when they received the same amount of sunlight.

The connection between vitamin D production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution. The earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin. As a result, their skin made less melanin, so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D.

Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors. Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our melanin production, and eventually, skin color.

Brief __71__

People living in a particular __72__ usually have the same skin color and there are

many different skin colors in the world.

Reason for skin  color

The reasons for different skin colors mainly__73__ in biology and history.

Biology reasons

  The amount of melanin, by which a person’s skin color is__74__ , varies from people to people. The more melanin a person has, the __75__ his or her skin will be.

Vitamin D is another source__76__ skin color. Vitamin D is necessary for humans to

build bones. Sunlight contributes to vitamin D in the skin.

Historical                            

reasons

The earliest people in Africa had dark skin with hair covering it because the sunlight is very strong.

When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to__77__

vitamin D, their skin color became lighter.

Generally speaking, people in areas with strong sunlight, have darker skin __78__ people in other areas have lighter skin.

 __79__

Melanin__80__an important role in our skin color. With our living environment changing, melanin production is changed, which leads to the changes in our skin color.

 

【答案】

 Introduction

 area

 lie

 determined

 darker

 affecting

 produce

 while

 conclusion

 plays

【解析】

试题分析: Introduction     归纳总结题。归纳全文是关于为什么会有各种不同的肤色的原因。

 area       原词再现。根据第一段第2行in particular areas。

 lie    同义句转换。根据第一段最后一句Biology and history are the two reasons for this.说明肤色不同是因为生物学和遗传,故转换成原因在于lie in

  determined    句式转换。根据第二段第一行which determines a person’s skin color,把这个主动句变成了被动形式。

 darker  原词再现。根据第二段1,2行The more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be.

 affecting      同义句转换。根据第三段第一句Skin color is also affected by another source ---- vitamin D.转换成现在分词短语修饰another source。

 produce   原词再现。根据第四段第四行they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair.

 while     原词再现。根据第四段Now, people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin.

 conclusion    归纳总结。Conclusions就是上文得到的最后的结论。

 plays  固定词组。Play a part/role in…主语是不可数名词Melanin,故用单数形式。

考点:考查任务型阅读

点评:这是08年以来江苏高考的新题型——任务型阅读。考查考生对于文章篇章结构的把握能力和词性词性的转换能力。

 

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I have been using the Internet since I was five years old, when my dad first sat me down in front of a computer and connected me the World Wide Web.

I’ve always felt like a master of the Internet world. AOL Instant Messaging, MSN, Gmail, Facebook, Myspace -- I’ve got it all under control. I thought there was nothing more to it besides checking my e-mail and wasting my time, until I was introduced to electronic commerce(e-commerce): business on the Internet.

Some online businesses are run from one-room home offices. Others have hundreds of employees (雇员) across the world. Have you ever heard of Amazon.com, Yahoo.com?

My friends often said they got cheap textbooks off Amazon.com, or had a good deal (交易) on Steve Madden shoes that were on sale at SteveMaden.com. Unfortunately for me, I continued my “e-commerceless” Web-surfing, not knowing about all the deals I was missing out on.

That is, of course, until my sister finally sold the idea to me.

“Why are all these packages arriving in the mail for you, Katy?” I asked her one day. Strange envelopes (信封) had been put on our doorstep for weeks now, each one always addressed to my sister; and we all know little sisters should never be getting more mail than their elders!

“Oh, it’s the things I ordered online!” she answered. I watched speechlessly as she opened them. There was no way our parents were letting her spend that much money- online or off!

“How much did all of this coat?”

“Oh, only about $15 in all!” She said excitedly. “Everything on eBay is on sale! It’s a way better than going to the mall.”

I felt as if there had been a store right in my backyard that I had never walked into! That week, I ordered a used Spanish textbook for my summer course online for 10 percent of the publishing price. A few days later, I bought an iPod protector and a book or two via the wonderful eBay.com.

1.From the first two paragraph we can conclude that the author        

A.had no experience using computers

B.had no idea of what e-commerce is

C.only used the Internet to check e-mail

D.thought surfing the Internet was a waste of time

2.The writer didn’t find out about e-commerce until       

A.he stopped web-surfing

B.he visited a store in his backyard

C.his sister explained the packages she got by mail

D.his friends told him about the online deals they made

3.We can infer from the last paragraph that the author       .

A.never enjoyed shopping that much

B.loves the big store in her backyard

C.feels she is a true master of the Internet

D.has begun to enjoy online shopping

4.What’s the purpose of the article?

A.To tell the readers how he begins online shopping.

B.To do business on the Internet.

C.To make an online shopping ad.

D.To advise people not to do online shopping

 

第三部分:阅读理解供15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项,并在答题

卡上将该项涂黑。

I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I searched in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those. I looked through the bars at my jailer. He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him, “Have you got a light?” He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. As he came close and lit the match, his eyes inadvertently(不经意地) locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don’t know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness, perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn’t want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and generated a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.

I kept smiling at him, now aware of him as a person and not just a jailer. And his looking at me seemed to have a new dimension too. “Do you have kids?” he asked. “Yes, here, here.” I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with tears. I said that I feared that I’d never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the jail, quietly and by back routes, out of the toxin. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town.

“My life was saved by a smile.” Yes, the smile -- the unaffected, unplanned, natural connection between people. I really believe that if that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn’t be enemies. We couldn’t have hate or envy or fear!

1. Why did the author smiled to the jailer first?

A. Because he wanted to make friends with the jailer.

B. Because he wanted to give a good impression on the jailer.

C. Because he wanted to share the cigarette with the jailer.

D. The reason was unknown to him and us.

2. Which of the following is the fight order according to the story?

a. I was set free at the edge of town.

b. I wanted to borrow a light from the jailer.

c. I was arrested and quite frightened.

d. I took out the pictures of my family.

e. The jailer took out the pictures of his family.

A. c, b, e, d, a     B. b, c, d, a, e            C. c, b, d, e, a            D. c, d, e, b, a

3. It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.

A. Before the author was released, he had stayed there for a long time.

B. Both of the author and the jailer loved their families very much.

C. The author had no chance to see his family again.

D. The jailer was punished by his leader at last.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A. The use of smile                       B. Life in the jail.

C. The smile                                          D. Love is everywhere.

 

任务型阅读(从六个待选项中为每短话选择一个合适的标题,不必全部使用。)

Hollywood movies are regularly filled with sex and violence. They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little light-hearted entertainment.

51.________ Have you heard of Bollywood? All singing, all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies. Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. Most Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film. Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world. This year the Indian Filmgare Awards, Bollywood's Oscars, turn 50 years old.

52._________ The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients: a cup of romance, a tea-spoon of comedy, a dash of international sight-seeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing. There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie. The result is a fun-filled musical.

53._________ There is never any mention of politics, poverty or war. The actors change clothes and locations within a single song. But the audiences don’t mind. To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven and the stars are their gods. The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles. The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all.

54.__________ But, behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes traditional family values. In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they can't just run away. They must win over their parents.

55.___________ So if you're tired of all that Hollywood actions, check out the following Bollywood films. They will take you to a brighter, cheerier and more colourful world, where it's still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.

A.Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values.

B.Bollywood is lees famous than Hollywood, and yet it produce the most films in the world.

C.Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries.

D.Bollywood is a decent refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films.

E. Bollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage.

F. Bollywood films are mostly comic romances with light-hearted incidental music.

 

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